Culture and Children's Social Development

Chen, Xinyin; Liu, Mengting; Bian, Qinglin

doi:10.1002/9781119679028.ch13

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Theoretical explanations of culture consider the differences between the various cultures of the world. In the social sciences, most cross-cultural studies have focused on the contrast between North America and China as a prime example of Western individualism versus Eastern collectivism (Chen et al, 2021(Chen et al, , 2022. However, studies of the Middle East can also contribute to the understanding of collectivist cultures.…”

Section: Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

The moderating role of spirituality and gender in Canadian and Iranian emerging adolescents’ theory of mind and prosocial behavior

2023

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IntroductionWhile research has found a link between ToM and prosociality in terms of caring and helping others which may also vary across cultures, the moderating role of spirituality and culture of this association in emerging adolescence has received little attention.MethodsThe current study empirically “examined” the role of spirituality and gender in relation to ToM and prosocial behavior in Canadian and Iranian emerging adolescents. A total of 300 (153 girls) emerging adolescents (M = 11.502, SD = 2.228) were recruited from Montreal, Canada and Karaj, Iran. A series of double moderation analysis and ANOVA was conducted.Results and discussionResults indicated the difference between direct and indirect influences of ToM and its interactions with culture, gender, and spirituality on prosocial behavior. This implies an emerging complex framework which suggests the dynamic nonlinear interactions between these factors. Implications for youth’s social-emotional understanding will be discussed.

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Section: Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

The moderating role of spirituality and gender in Canadian and Iranian emerging adolescents’ theory of mind and prosocial behavior

2023

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“…To the degree that the evaluated behavioral tendencies are amenable to change, children alter behaviors associated with negative or positive social evaluations. For instance, taking social initiative is viewed as a valuable goal of socialization in Western societies that emphasize the self, but undesirable in Eastern societies that are more group oriented (Chen et al, 2022). Views regarding self-control also differ between individualist nations, in which it is promoted as a vehicle for personal achievement and independence, and collectivist cultures, in which restraint in seeking one's own desires is encouraged as a mechanism to maintain group harmony (Lee et al, 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Global Temperament Project: Parent-reported temperament in infants, toddlers, and children from 59 nations.

Putnam,

Sehic,

French

et al. 2024

Developmental Psychology

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Data from 83,423 parent reports of temperament (surgency, negative affectivity, and regulatory capacity) in infants, toddlers, and children from 341 samples gathered in 59 countries were used to investigate the relations among culture, gender, and temperament. Between-nation differences in temperament were larger than those obtained in similar studies of adult personality, and most pronounced for negative affectivity. Nationlevel patterns of negative affectivity were consistent across infancy, toddlerhood, and childhood, and patterns of regulatory capacity were consistent between infancy and toddlerhood. Nations that previously reported high extraversion, high conscientiousness, and low neuroticism in adults were found to demonstrate high surgency in infants and children, and countries reporting low adult openness and high adult neuroticism reported high temperamental negative affectivity. Negative affectivity was high in Southern Asia, Western Asia, and South America and low in Northern and Western Europe. Countries in which children were rated as high in negative affectivity had cultural orientations reflecting collectivism, high power distance, and short-term orientation. Surgency was high in Southeastern and Southern Asia and Southern Europe and low in Eastern Asian countries characterized by philosophies of long-term orientation. Low personal income was associated with high negative affectivity. Gender differences in temperament were largely consistent in direction with prior studies, revealing higher regulatory capacity in females than males and higher surgency in males than females, with these differences becoming more pronounced at later ages. Public Significance StatementThis study is the largest existing effort (59 nations and 83,423 parent reports) to document and understand between-nation differences in the social and emotional behaviors of infants and young children. The results suggest that children in collectivist nations of South America and Southern Asia expressed more negative emotions than those from Northern and Western Europe. Gender differences were relatively consistent across nations and grew stronger with increasing age.

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Culture and Children's Social Development

Cited by 2 publications

References 74 publications

The moderating role of spirituality and gender in Canadian and Iranian emerging adolescents’ theory of mind and prosocial behavior

The moderating role of spirituality and gender in Canadian and Iranian emerging adolescents’ theory of mind and prosocial behavior

The Global Temperament Project: Parent-reported temperament in infants, toddlers, and children from 59 nations.

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