Assessment science is an essential component of an enlarged conceptualization of psychological science. A relatively small number of personality and psychopathology instruments provided diagnostic and treatment information in Veterans Administration hospitals following the end of World War II in 1945. In 1949 conference in Boulder, Colorado developed a scientist-practitioner training model for training clinical psychologists in scientific methodology and research that expanded the earlier repertoire of assessment instruments. Criticism of the Boulder model in 1964 led to a 1973 conference in Vail, Colorado that recommended a practitionerscholar model to prepare psychologists for clinical practice with an extended range of diverse client populations. Over time the differences in assessment training between Boulder and Vail training models diminished in professional psychology training programs. Culturally competent clinical diagnosis and personality description now requires knowledge, supervised training, and practical skills combining assessment, intervention, and methodologically sophisticated research. These ingredients are represented in a new assessment science incorporating comprehensive assessment with standard instruments, adaptations, and other procedures.
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Reconciling Training ModelsContemporary professional psychology is in the process of reconciling original Boulder and Vail differences in assessment training. Reconciliation strategies include restoration of psychometric training, recent American Psychological Association (APA) initiatives, compilation of multicultural competency measures, recognition of exemplary cultural competency training programs, and the multicultural assessment-intervention process (MAIP) model. These strategies restore assessment credibility, remediate scientific critiques of specific instruments, and contribute to an expanded breadth and depth of assessment processes (see also Volume 1, Chapter 8, this handbook).