“…Empirical research drawing from this conceptual base has identified a number of noteworthy antecedents and effects. For example, greater individualism has been shown to be associated with higher socioeconomic status (Marshall, 1997), urban residency (Freeman, 1997), and North American, Western European, or Australian acculturation (e.g., Gaines, Larbie, Patel, Pereira, & Sereke-Melake, 2005;Hofstede, 1980) and to lead to higher levels of entrepreneurial behavior (Morris, Davis, & Allen, 1994), stronger achievement values (Nelson and Shavitt (2002), and preferences for equitable, personalized rewards (Tower, Kelly, & Richards, 1997). Greater collectivism has been found to be associated with prior success working in groups or teams (Eby & Dobbins, 1997), and Asian, African, or South American acculturation (Gaines et al, 2005;Hofstede, 1980), and to lead to outcomes including stronger work group commitment (Clugston, Howell, & Dorfman, 2000), higher levels of citizenship behaviors (Moorman and Blakely, 1995;Van Dyne, Vandewalle, Kostova, Latham, & Cummings, 2000), and preferences for egalitarian team rewards (Kirkman & Shapiro, 2000).…”