Cultural Sensitivity in the ICU: Experiences of International Nurses with End-of-Life Care in Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Introduction: Providing culturally sensitive end-of-life care is essential, particularly in diverse settings like Saudi Arabia, where Islamic beliefs significantly influence healthcare practices. This study explored the experiences and perspectives of international intensive care unit charge nurses regarding end-of-life care for Muslim patients in Saudi Arabia. Method A qualitative descriptive design was employed, using semi-structured interviews to gather data from eight international ICU charge nurses working in a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the interview transcripts. Results Four major themes emerged: 1) Family as Central to End-of-Life Care, highlighting the paramount importance of family presence and involvement in decision-making; 2) Navigating Cultural and Religious Beliefs, emphasizing the nurses' efforts to provide culturally sensitive care aligned with Islamic practices; 3) Balancing Compassionate Care and Medical Practices, illustrating the complexities of navigating cultural beliefs and medical practices; and 4) Emotional and Spiritual Support, underscoring the nurses' commitment to providing holistic care that addresses emotional and spiritual needs. Conclusion This study provides valuable insights into the cultural nuances of end-of-life care in Saudi Arabia. The findings underscore the importance of culturally sensitive practices that respect Islamic beliefs, prioritize family involvement, and address the holistic needs of patients and their families. Implications: This study underscores the need for culturally sensitive communication training for healthcare providers working with diverse patient populations. Hospitals and healthcare institutions should prioritize educational initiatives that equip staff with the skills to engage in open dialogues about death and dying, navigate cultural differences in end-of-life preferences, and address the use of traditional healing practices. By fostering greater cultural understanding and communication competency, healthcare systems can better support both patients and families in navigating the complexities of end-of-life care.