Cultural Sensitivity and Global Pharmacy Engagement in the Caribbean: Dominica, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and St. Kitts

Abrons, Jeanine P.; Andreas, Elisha M; Jolly, Orrin; Parisi-Mercado, Michael; Daly, Andrea M.; Carr, Ivor

doi:10.5688/ajpe7219

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…In addition, competency-based training models have been established in different educational institutions, being worked on in Cuban Higher Education, within different careers and centers, although studies carried out in the field of Physical Culture and Physical Education are limited. All developmental models are based on the historical-logical paradigm [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Approach to Cultural Competence Education into the Pharmacy Curriculum: Glances from the Cuban Framework

Sánchez

Salmon

2022

Education Research International

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Cultural competence is crucial for improved health outcomes in populations. In addition to knowledge and skills, cultural competence involves a confident attitude that underlines regard across all cultures. The importance of cultural competence training has been considered in several pharmacy education statements as part of the Pharmacists’ Patient Care Process. Nevertheless, there is a significant discrepancy in the implementation of cultural competence in a curriculum. There is no consensus on how this could be implemented from a view of logical and pedagogical coherence. Consequently, a cultural and interdisciplinary approach should be considered in the curriculum design process respecting the laws and pedagogical principles that guide the process of training professionals at the universities and pharmacy schools. The main purpose of the study is to describe a cultural background to implement cultural competence education in the Cuban pharmacy curriculum. The data for this study was collected through an overall literature review. Using terms specific to Cuban health care, culture, and education, combined with terms linked to cultural competence, global health, and pharmacy education. Relevant statements by the Pan American Health (PAHO) and World Health Organizations (WHO) were extracted. Electronic sites for the American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning, and Pharmacy Education were reviewed. Scopus, Google Scholar, EBSCO Host, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and Web of Knowledge databases were examined. The outcomes of this study reveal that Cuba is a culturally rich country with complex and diverse perspectives on health. Cuban culture is the result of extremely broad and tedious transculturation processes; therefore, it is not possible to exhaust the subject in a single inquiry. Health and education in Cuba are politically entwined; statistical data, arguments, and related information are not always available to be studied or compared. This study identifies the need for a sincere effort toward global pharmacy education’s purpose; respect for religious values, traditional beliefs, historic and political factors were also taken into consideration to design a framework for cultural competence with Cuban pharmacy curricula. The repercussions of the current study will be valuable to developing curricular improvement processes aimed at implementing cultural competency in pharmacy education taking into consideration an essentially cultural perspective. Furthermore, this study offers a background to simplify culturally sensitive exchanges among practitioners, undergraduates, stakeholders, and other faculties of pharmacy members from Cuba and other nations when they involve health care and pharmacy practice or education.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Approach to Cultural Competence Education into the Pharmacy Curriculum: Glances from the Cuban Framework

Sánchez

Salmon

2022

Education Research International

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“…8,9 The population of Puerto Rico is approximately 3 million with a life expectancy at 80.9 years. 10 Chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, asthma, chronic kidney diseases, and mental health disorders are prevalent and place a financial toll on the Puerto Rico health system. In Puerto Rico, there are approximately 900 community pharmacies distributed among 76 municipalities.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The voices of community pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic in Puerto Rico

Silva-Suarez¹,

Reyes²,

Hernandez-Diaz³

et al. 2022

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association

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Background Community pharmacists have provided healthcare services uninterruptedly throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. However, their public health role is often overlooked. Objectives The purpose of this manuscript is to discuss the roles and the coping mechanisms of community pharmacists working during the COVID-19 pandemic in Puerto Rico. Methods A cross-sectional study, using an electronic survey, was conducted to assess the community pharmacists' response during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Puerto Rico. Two open-ended questions explored community pharmacist's opinions about the pharmacist's role and coping mechanisms during the pandemic. The responses were analyzed following an inductive thematic analysis. Two major themes emerged from their responses: professional and personal experiences. Results Of the 302 participants who completed the survey, 77% of them answered one or both open-ended questions. The answers were diverse, and the respondents went beyond the specific topics asked. In professional experiences , important roles as educators and providing continuity of care and emotional support to their patients were highlighted. They also expressed concerns and frustrations on the profession's shortcomings, feeling overworked yet with a lack of recognition. In personal experience s, most of the respondents were concerned about the impact of having to juggle work and home life. They also reported mental health concerns, expressing feeling stressed, overworked, and worried about the constant risk of exposure and fear of exposing their loved ones. Conclusion Community pharmacists in Puerto Rico ensured the continuation of care, provided education, and managed anxious and stressed patients. Most relied on family members to cope with the extra burden that the COVID-19 pandemic. The lack of recognition created resentfulness among participants. It is essential to listen to our community pharmacists' voices to support and respond to their needs and learn from their experiences as front-line health care workers.

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Development of a specialist pharmacist career ladder system and a pharmacy residency program as a result of global partnerships: The experience of Taipei Medical University

Cheng

Kuo

Shen

et al. 2020

J Am Coll Clin Pharm

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IntroductionGlobal partnerships and collaboration of pharmacy schools between the United States and Asian countries have great impacts on the development of clinical pharmacy. This article describes the decadal experience of Taipei Medical University (TMU) concerning clinical pharmacy development via partnerships with the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) and a number of schools of pharmacy and hospital pharmacies in the U.S. and Asian countries. We specifically focus on describing the process and outcomes of the specialist pharmacist (SP) system and the residency program.MethodsAfter the 6‐year Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) program at TMU was approved in 2013, a number of strategies were used to advance clinical pharmacy development, including experiential faculty and site preparation, didactic faculty development, and international conferences. For the purpose of this paper, documents from TMU‐affiliated hospitals (Taipei Medical University Hospital [TMUH], Wan Fang Hospital [WFH], and Shuang Ho Hospital [SHH]) and the TMU College of Pharmacy regarding the SP system and the residency program were reviewed and analyzed.ResultsIn 2017, TMU passed the SP career ladder system and WFH started the pharmacy residency program. As of 2020, there are a total of 7 SPs certified in three major TMU‐affiliated hospitals. Two pharmacy residents completed training in WFH. Global engagement with universities in Vietnam and Indonesia allowed TMU to give back to the global community by offering faculty development and clinical pharmacy preceptor training.ConclusionThrough global partnerships, innovations in clinical pharmacy development can be diffused more widely and have resulted in practice changes such as an SP system and residency program at TMU. The experiences may provide value for those seeking to expand clinical pharmacy development via international engagement.

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Cultural Sensitivity and Global Pharmacy Engagement in the Caribbean: Dominica, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and St. Kitts

Cited by 9 publications

References 41 publications

An Approach to Cultural Competence Education into the Pharmacy Curriculum: Glances from the Cuban Framework

An Approach to Cultural Competence Education into the Pharmacy Curriculum: Glances from the Cuban Framework

The voices of community pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic in Puerto Rico

Development of a specialist pharmacist career ladder system and a pharmacy residency program as a result of global partnerships: The experience of Taipei Medical University

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