Cultural Prototypes of the Successful Entrepreneur: Comparison of Estonia and the United States

Determinants of Established Entrepreneurs’ Innovative Activity in Northern and Western Europe

“…Thus, the functioning of these joint constituencies of the system of which the outcome is represented by innovation is greatly dependent on economy-specific formal (e.g., regulatory frameworks) and informal (e.g., rules, conventions, and norms) institutions [2,8,25]. As a result, innovation activities are not equally distributed in space, i.e., [2,[26][27][28][29], and we are faced with different development levels of regional innovation systems, i.e., [1,8,[30][31][32][33].…”

“…Strengthening the knowledge of regional differences in entrepreneurial activity and its determinants is of utmost importance. When comparing entrepreneurial activity across regions, it is important to take into account that not all companies can be regarded as "entrepreneurial" [1][2][3] or "productive" [4]. Schutjens and Wever [5] as well as Koellinger [6] argue the difference between imitative and innovative types of entrepreneurial activity.…”

“…The latter, innovative type, is uppermost in the minds of decision-makers throughout Europe. In the policymaking context, innovation is considered a prerequisite for economic growth [1,7,8]. An evident gap exists in studies on entrepreneurial activity that simultaneously encompass regions and countries [9,10].…”

“…More developed countries have higher intensity of innovative rather than purely imitative entrepreneurs [1,6,8]. Also the presence of business opportunities in general depends on environmental factors such as technology advancement, rules of law, and demographics and also other society characteristics, such as values, customs, and urbanization [6].…”

Ettevõtlustüübid ja rahvusvahelistumine ettevõtlusõppes

“…Üks ettevõtlusõppe eesmärke Eesti väikeses avatud majanduses on valmistada õppijaid ette piiriüleseks ettevõtluseks, mis eeldab pädevust teha koostööd eri kultuuridest ja ettevõtluskeskkondadest mõjutatud äripartneritega. Rahvusvahelise võrdlusuuringu E-World raames tehtud küsitlustest on ilmnenud, et Eestis peetakse ettevõtluses edu saavutamiseks kõige olulisemaks läbirääkimis-oskusi, vastupidavust stressile ja innovaatilisust, samas kui USAs tähtsustatakse positiivsust, pidevat õppimist ja probleemide lahendamise võimet (Elenurm, Alas, Rozell, Scroggins, & Alsua, 2014).…”