Cultural Procedures Employed for Clinical Specimens

Carter, G.R.; Cole, John R.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-161775-2.50007-4

Cited by 28 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…Lung, heart, and brain lesions were consistent with previous accounts of PRRSV infection in pigs of this age. 2,3,15 In contrast to previous research findings and field reports, infection with PRRSV did not potentiate bacterial infection. 3,4,9,15 No significant differences in clinical parameters were observed after bacterial inoculation.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

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Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome: NEB-1 PRRSV Infection did not Potentiate Bacterial Pathogens

et al. 1995

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Abstract.V. L. Cooper, A. R. Doster, R. A. Hesse, N. B. Harris A 2-phase study was conducted to evaluate the ability of the NEB-1 strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) to potentiate common bacterial pathogens of swine. In phase I, 25 of 50 4-5-week-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) pigs were exposed to NEB-1 PRRSV (day 0). Seven days after virus inoculation, 8 groups received 1 of 4 bacterial pathogens: Haemophihs parasuis, Streptococcus suis, Salmonella cholerasuis, and Pasteurella multocida. The ability of NEB-1 PRRSV to produce clinical disease, viremia, neutralizing antibody, gross and microscopic lesions and to potentiate bacterial pathogens was assessed. Response to NEB-1 PRRSV was similar among inoculated pigs; prolonged hyperthermia, lethargy, mild to moderate dyspnea, and cutaneous erythema were consistent clinical signs. No clinical differences were observed in groups after bacterial challenge. Virus was isolated from serum at weekly intervals through the end of the study, and all PRRSV-inoculated pigs had seroconverted by study termination. Two of 5 pigs died in non-PRRSV-inoculated groups challenged with H. parasuis and Streptococcus suis. Mortality in PRRSV-infected pigs was limited to 1 of 5 pigs from the Salmonella cholerasuis-challenged group. Gross lesions were seen in pigs dying after inoculation in H. parasuis-and Streptococcus suis-inoculated groups, in Salmonella cholerasuisand P. multocida-challenged pigs, and in 1 non-PRRSV-inoculated control pig. Microscopic lesions consisted of mild to moderate proliferative interstitial pneumonia, nonsuppurative myocarditis, lymphoid hyperplasia, and nonsuppurative encephalitis in PRRSV-inoculated pigs. Findings in phase I indicated that NEB-1 PRRSV does not potentiate bacterial disease while inducing consistent clinical signs, viremia, seroconversion, and microscopic lesions. Based upon initial findings in phase I, in phase II, 18 of 36 4-6-week-old SPF pigs were exposed to NEB-1 PRRSV (day 0). Two days after virus inoculation, 2 of 4 groups were exposed to either Streptococcus suis or P. multocida. Clinical findings were similar to those of phase I. One of 6 pigs died in each of the Streptococcus suis-challenged groups. Animals succumbed 3 and 5 days after bacterial challenge in the non-PRRSV-inoculated and PRRSV-inoculated groups, respectively. Mild gross and microscopic pulmonary lesions were observed. Phase II findings support the conclusions of phase I that NEB-1 PRRSV does not potentiate certain bacterial infections of swine.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…2 Colonies around the Staphylococcus aureus feeder streak were subcultured onto Quad Plates. Growth in only the quadrant containing both X factor and V factor + 5% sheep blood was considered positive identification for H. parasuis.…”

Section: Results: Phase I Clinical Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome: NEB-1 PRRSV Infection did not Potentiate Bacterial Pathogens

et al. 1995

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“…Bacteria were identified by standard methods using morphological and biochemical characteristics (Holt and Kreig 1994;Carter and Cole 1995). When yeast growth was noticed, the yeast colonies were plated on Sabouraud agar, incubated at 37 ºC for 48 h and investigated by Gram stain.…”

Section: Isolation Of Microorganismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Slime Production by Yeasts Isolated from Subclinical Mastitic Cows

Türkyılmaz

Kaynarca

2010

Acta Vet. Brno

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The aim of this study was to isolate yeasts from subclinical mastitic cows and to investigate the slime production by the isolated yeasts. The material used in this study included 339 milk samples from 152 dairy cattle with subclinical mastitis. Milk was plated onto blood agar, MacConkey agar and Sabouraud dextrose agar. Forty-one samples (12.1% of total milk samples) were found positive for the yeast by API 20 C AUX identification system. The isolated yeasts were classified into four genera of Candida, Trichosporon, Cryptococcus and Saccharomyces. The Candida species were following: C. krusei, C. kefyr, C. guilliermondii, C. famata, C. rugosa and C. utulis. Other yeasts were identified as Trichosporon mucoides, T. asahii, Cryptococcus laurentii, C. neoformans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Slime production was tested on Congo red brain heart infusion agar and evaluated according to Congo red phenomenon. Fifteen (36.6%) strains were slime factor positive: seven were C. krusei, four C. kefyr, one C. guilliermondii, one C. famata, one T. asahii, and one C. laurentii. The results of the present study indicate that yeast mastitis is significant for causing economic losses and slime production is mostly found in non-albicans Candida species. Therefore, non-albicans Candida species should be examined for slime production.

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“…10 Bacteria generally associated with porcine arthritis are E. rhusiopathiae, A. pyogenes, various streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Mycoplasma hyorhinis, M. hyosynoviae, Haemophillus suis, and Escherichia coli. 3 The latter 3 species of bacteria were not isolated in the present study. Of 5 joints that yielded Mycoplasma, 3 yielded M. hyorhinis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

“…The Mycoplasma broths were checked for growth for up to 10 days, and if turbidity or color change was noticed the broth was subcultured into fresh broth and on Friis Mycoplasma agar. Bacterial colonies were identified based on colony characteristics, hemolysis on BA, Gram reaction, and microscopic morphology and by several biochemical tests, 3 including catalase reaction, triple sugar-iron agar reaction, and reaction on sulphide-indole-motility medium. Strepto-coccus suis type 2 isolates were confirmed by a slide agglutination reaction using a specific antiserum."…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation of Bacterial Causes of Arthritis in Slaughter Hogs

Hariharan

Macdonald

Carnat³

et al. 1992

J VET Diagn Invest

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Abstract. Joints from 153 arthritic and 80 normal slaughter hogs were examined by culture for presence of bacteria. Although none of the normal joints yielded bacteria, 37% of the disease joints were positive for bacterial growth. Of 67 bacterial isolates obtained, 45% were Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Occurrence of other bacteria in order of their frequency was Streptococcus suis (16%), Actinomyces pyogenes (10%), Mycoplasma spp. including 3 M. hyorhinis isolates (7%), staphylococci (7%), Streptococcus spp. (6%), and organisms of uncertain significance (7%).Arthritis is common in hogs sent to market and is a cause of economic concern to the farmers because of loss of portions of carcasses as well as condemnation of entire carcasses in the abattoir. Joint diseases are responsible for a significant percentage of total condemnations of swine in Canada. 10 Figures collected at Garden Province Meats, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, where over 80% of the island's hogs are slaughtered, indicate that on average every month 0.6% of the hogs (11 condemned and 70 demerited) had arthritis. The association of Zoonotic agents with swine arthritis and the resulting public health hazards are other major considerations.Despite the importance of arthritis in swine, there has been a paucity of documented research on this subject, particularly during the last 15 years. Because most cases of porcine arthritis are probably the result of bacterial infections, 2,3 the present study was aimed at identifying the bacteria associated with arthritis in slaughter pigs and determining antimicrobial susceptibility. Materials and methodsSpecimen collection. Two hundred thirty-three hogs slaughtered at Garden Province Meats, Charlottetown, were chosen for this study. The hogs were 6-7 mo old and were raised in confinement. The samples were collected during May-August 1990, and all the arthritic joints were sampled consecutively. Of 145 hogs sampled, 93 had >1 joint affected. Arthritic joints were selected on the basis of the following criteria: the joint was swollen, and the accompanying lymph node that drained the joint was enlarged. One hundred fiftythree joints that met these criteria were retained for culture. In the case of polyarthritis, the most severely affected joint was sampled. Of 153 joints sampled, 60% were stifle and the remainder were elbow (14%), hock (13%), and other (13%). One hundred fifteen enlarged lymph nodes directly associated with affected joints were also collected and placed on ice for transport to the laboratory. Control hogs without arthritis and the specific joints cultured were chosen randomly using a random number generator. Eighty normal joints were collected. The joints were taken to the plant's laboratory. Skin and subsequently subcutaneous tissue were flamed with a propane torch. Using sterile forceps and scalpel blade, the synovial membrane was opened and the joint fluid was aspirated with a sterile 10-ml syringe and 16-gauge needle. Bacteriologic examination. Immediately after collection, a drop of as...

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Cultural Procedures Employed for Clinical Specimens

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome: NEB-1 PRRSV Infection did not Potentiate Bacterial Pathogens

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome: NEB-1 PRRSV Infection did not Potentiate Bacterial Pathogens

The Slime Production by Yeasts Isolated from Subclinical Mastitic Cows

An Investigation of Bacterial Causes of Arthritis in Slaughter Hogs

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