Cultural Factors Influencing HIV Risk Behavior Among Dominicans in New York City

Shedlin, Michele; Deren, Sherry

doi:10.1300/j233v01n01_05

Cited by 28 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Other interventions explicitly explored ‘old-country’ and ‘new-country’ norms in relation to HIV as exemplified in a programme with newly arrived Ethiopian immigrants to Israel [109]. A range of difficulties was reported by immigrants in negotiating and integrating competing values, experiences and information from their country of origin with those in the ‘new’ country [116,119,120,125,132,135-142]. This sense of living between ‘two worlds’ was characterised by a struggle between the retention or rejection of the past and the ‘old’ country.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other dominant themes in cultural values that impacted on HIV prevention included the differences between male and female gender roles among many immigrant communities [127-129,136,137,142,148-150], which in the studies of Latino communities were often described using concepts such as machismo . “To be a strong male is to get sex and to be a strong woman is to resist sex” ([136] p. 411).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This mechanism also raises specific challenges for the design and implementation of interventions in seeking to find an appropriate balance between ‘old country’ and ‘new country’ – or the ‘past’ and the ‘present’ context – across a range of dimensions including norms [109], values, experiences [116,120,132,135,137,138,142] and understandings of critical information around HIV [125,139,141]. The evidence to support this mechanism from the intervention and views studies was largely consistent with how the ‘ consonance ’ mechanism had originally been theorised.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HIV among immigrants living in high-income countries: a realist review of evidence to guide targeted approaches to behavioural HIV prevention

McMahon

Ward

2012

Syst Rev

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BackgroundImmigrants from developing and middle-income countries are an emerging priority in HIV prevention in high-income countries. This may be explained in part by accelerating international migration and population mobility. However, it may also be due to the vulnerabilities of immigrants including social exclusion along with socioeconomic, cultural and language barriers to HIV prevention. Contemporary thinking on effective HIV prevention stresses the need for targeted approaches that adapt HIV prevention interventions according to the cultural context and population being addressed. This review of evidence sought to generate insights into targeted approaches in this emerging area of HIV prevention.MethodsWe undertook a realist review to answer the research question: ‘How are HIV prevention interventions in high-income countries adapted to suit immigrants’ needs?’ A key goal was to uncover underlying theories or mechanisms operating in behavioural HIV prevention interventions with immigrants, to uncover explanations as how and why they work (or not) for particular groups in particular contexts, and thus to refine the underlying theories. The realist review mapped seven initial mechanisms underlying culturally appropriate HIV prevention with immigrants. Evidence from intervention studies and qualitative studies found in systematic searches was then used to test and refine these seven mechanisms.ResultsThirty-four intervention studies and 40 qualitative studies contributed to the analysis and synthesis of evidence. The strongest evidence supported the role of ‘consonance’ mechanisms, indicating the pivotal need to incorporate cultural values into the intervention content. Moderate evidence was found to support the role of three other mechanisms – ‘understanding’, ‘specificity’ and ‘embeddedness’ – which indicated that using the language of immigrants, usually the ‘mother tongue’, targeting (in terms of ethnicity) and the use of settings were also critical elements in culturally appropriate HIV prevention. There was mixed evidence for the roles of ‘authenticity’ and ‘framing’ mechanisms and only partial evidence to support role of ‘endorsement’ mechanisms.ConclusionsThis realist review contributes to the explanatory framework of behavioural HIV prevention among immigrants living in high-income countries and, in particular, builds a greater understanding of the suite of mechanisms that underpin adaptations of interventions by the cultural context and population being targeted.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HIV among immigrants living in high-income countries: a realist review of evidence to guide targeted approaches to behavioural HIV prevention

McMahon

Ward

2012

Syst Rev

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“…Sexual behavior is inextricably linked with the norms and characteristics of specific social groups (Stockdale, 1995), and STIs and risk behaviors are often clustered in networks (Price, Cottler, Mager, & Murray, 1995). Therefore, understanding the social and sexual identities of people at high risk for HIV infection, and their social and community networks, are essential to developing effective HIV prevention and health strategies for sex workers (Amirkhanian, Kelly, & McAuliffe, 2005;Campbell & Mzaidume, 2001;Shedlin & Sherry, 2002;Surratt & Inciardi, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Risks and Benefits of Sex Work among Transgender Women of Color in San Francisco

2007

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Prior research has shown that male-to-female (MTF) transgender women of color in the United States have a high rate of HIV infection and often engage in sex work for economic survival. With the exception of studies on HIV prevalence and behavioral risk, little research exists to elucidate the social context and determinants of sex work and related health risks among these women. Through a qualitative analysis of seven focus groups with 48 transgender women of color, we examined why and how participants became involved in sex work, documented risks associated with sex work, and explored what motivated participants to remain in sex work. Participants reported on how social networks and cultural norms, immigration issues, and experiences of racism, sexism, and transphobia influenced their decisions to enter and the risks encountered in sex work. Findings revealed that transgender women of color who engage in sex work have unique needs and experiences that must be addressed through structural and social network-based interventions to minimize their vulnerability to social and public health harms.

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“…38-40 We also controlled for foreign-born population, because previous research demonstrated that immigrants have higher prevalence of HIV due to linguistic isolation, lack of health insurance, and limited regular medical care, 41,42 as well as varying cultural practices, relationship disruption, and lack of knowledge about HIV. 43 Lastly, we used the Gini index 44,45 as a proxy for poverty and income inequality to control for regional economic differences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Action Tweets Linked to Reduced County-Level HIV Prevalence in the United States: Online Messages and Structural Determinants

et al. 2015

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HIV is uncommon in most US counties but travels quickly through vulnerable communities when it strikes. Tracking behavior through social media may provide an unobtrusive, naturalistic means of predicting HIV outbreaks and understanding the behavioral and psychological factors that increase communities'; risk. General action goals, or the motivation to engage in cognitive and motor activity, may support protective health behavior (e.g., using condoms) or encourage activity indiscriminately (e.g., risky sex), resulting in mixed health effects. We explored these opposing hypotheses by regressing county-level HIV prevalence on action language (e.g., work, plan) in over 150 million tweets mapped to US counties. Controlling for demographic and structural predictors of HIV, more active language was associated with lower HIV rates. By leveraging language used on social media to improve existing predictive models of geographic variation in HIV, future targeted HIV-prevention interventions may have a better chance of reaching high-risk communities before outbreaks occur.

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Cultural Factors Influencing HIV Risk Behavior Among Dominicans in New York City

Abstract: Hispanics in the United States have disproportionately high rates of HIV. The existence of ethnically and culturally diverse Hispanic communities indicate that qualitative research on HIV-related Michele Goldzieher Shedlin is President of Sociomedical Resource Associates, Inc.,

Cited by 28 publications

References 14 publications

HIV among immigrants living in high-income countries: a realist review of evidence to guide targeted approaches to behavioural HIV prevention

HIV among immigrants living in high-income countries: a realist review of evidence to guide targeted approaches to behavioural HIV prevention

Perceived Risks and Benefits of Sex Work among Transgender Women of Color in San Francisco

Action Tweets Linked to Reduced County-Level HIV Prevalence in the United States: Online Messages and Structural Determinants

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