Cultural differences in response styles: The role of dialectical thinking

Hamamura, Takeshi; Heine, Steven; Paulhus, Delroy L.

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2007.10.034

Cited by 229 publications

(213 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Collectivist cultures tend to show a bias away from extreme responding in general (e.g., Hamamura et al, 2008); it is possible that uncertainty interacts with these baseline preferences differently. Third, while these results support various uncertainty theories (c.f.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experienced Adversity in Life Is Associated With Polarized and Affirmed Political Attitudes

Randles

Heine

Poulin

et al. 2017

Social Psychological and Personality Science

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Adversity in life and compensatory affirmation 2 ABSTRACT Many studies find that when made to feel uncertain, participants respond by affirming importantly-held beliefs. However, while theories argue that these effects should persist over time for highly disruptive experiences, almost no research has been performed outside the lab. We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a national sample of U.S. adults (N=1613) who were followed longitudinally for 3 years. Participants reported lifetime and recent adversities experienced annually, as well as their opinions on a number of questions related to inter-group hostility and aggression towards out-groups, similar to those used in many lab studies of uncertainty. We anticipated that those who had experienced adversity would show more extreme support for their position. There was a positive relationship between adversity and the tendency to strongly affirm and polarize their positions. Results suggest that adverse life events may lead to long-lasting changes in one's tendency to polarize one's political attitudes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experienced Adversity in Life Is Associated With Polarized and Affirmed Political Attitudes

Randles

Heine

Poulin

et al. 2017

Social Psychological and Personality Science

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“…Indeed, crosscultural studies suggest that East Asians report lower self-esteem and hedonic well-being than European Americans (Boucher, Peng, Shi, & Wang, 2009;Hamamura, Heine, & Paulhus, 2008;Heine & Lehman, 1997;Lee & Seligman, 1997;Spencer-Rodgers et al, 2004;Steger, Kawabata, Shimai, & Otake, 2008). Given the expected relationship between SDT need satisfaction and well-being, we anticipated that perceived satisfaction of SDT needs would also be lower in dialectical cultures.…”

Section: Cultural Dimensions Sdt Needs and Well-beingmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Our predictions regarding cultural differences in need satisfaction were largely inferred from the more extensive literature on cultural differences in well-being, in which lower dialecticism (or non-East Asian cultural membership) and greater individualism have been associated with greater self-esteem and hedonic well-being (Boucher et al, 2009;Hamamura et al, 2008;Heine et al, 1999;Heine & Lehman, 1997;Lee & Seligman, 1997;Sheldon et al, 2011;Spencer-Rodgers et al, 2004). Our finding that participants in the Asian cultures averaged lower on most of the measures of eudaimonic well-being and the well-being component was consistent with these studies and our mediation analyses again supported an interpretation in terms of dialecticism and independent selfconstruals.…”

Section: Cultural Differences In Need Satisfaction and Well-beingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Need Satisfaction and Well-Being: Testing Self-Determination Theory in Eight Cultures

Church¹,

Katigbak²,

Locke³

et al. 2012

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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According to Self-Determination Theory (SDT), satisfaction of needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness is a universal requirement for psychological well-being. We tested this hypothesis with college students in the United States, Australia, Mexico, Venezuela, the Philippines, Malaysia, China, and Japan. Participants rated the extent to which these needs, plus needs for self-actualization and pleasure-stimulation, were satisfied in various roles and reported their general hedonic (i.e., positive and negative affect) and eudaimonic (e.g., meaning in life, personal growth) well-being. Asian participants averaged lower than non-Asian participants in perceived satisfaction of autonomy, competence, and self-actualization needs and in most aspects of eudaimonic well-being and these differences were partially accounted for by differences in dialecticism and independent self-construals. Nonetheless, perceived need satisfaction predicted overall well-being to a similar degree in all cultures and in most cultures provided incremental prediction beyond the Big Five traits. Perceived imbalance in the satisfaction of different needs also modestly predicted well-being, particularly negative affect. The study extended support for the universal importance of SDT need satisfaction to several new cultures.NEED SATISFACTION AND WELL-BEING 5 Self-Determination Theory (SDT) proposes that certain evolved psychological needs must be satisfied if individuals are to develop to their fullest potential, in the same way that plants require key nutrients to thrive (Deci & Ryan, 1985Ryan, 1995;. SDT posits three universal needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Autonomy involves the need to experience one's behavior as freely chosen and volitional, rather than imposed by external forces. Competence involves the need to feel capable and effective in one's actions. Relatedness involves the need for belonging, intimacy, and connectedness to others.SDT theorists view these needs as broad motivational tendencies that operate across life domains and contend that satisfaction of all three needs, not just one or two, is essential for well-being.Although the expression or means of satisfying these needs may vary across cultures, their satisfaction is viewed as essential for well-being in all cultures.In contrast, some critics of SDT have questioned whether these needs are cultural universals. In particular, several scholars have argued that autonomy is more valued or normative in individualistic or Western cultures (Cross & Markus, 1999;Iyengar & Lepper, 1999;Miller, 1997). However, as noted by Chirkov and Ryan (2001), the existence of cultural differences in the strength of autonomy values does not preclude similarities in the functional impact of autonomy-supportive versus controlling environments. Furthermore, SDT theorists counter that critics tend to confuse autonomy as defined by SDT with independence or individualism (Chirkov, Ryan, Kim, & Kaplan, 2003). For example, behaving in accordance with group norms might be internal...

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“…To account for PDIF, respondents' self-ratings are recoded in comparison with their ratings on the vignettes using a nonparametric recoding algorithm (King et al, 2004;Tandon, Murray, Salomon, & King, 2003; see also further in the Method section below). The key benefit of using anchoring vignettes is that an external source of data (i.e., distinct from the substantive descriptive information enclosed in self-ratings) is used for estimating RS (Hamamura, Heine, & Paulhus, 2008). Correcting for RS is presumed to improve the psychometric qualities of the scale.…”

Section: Using Anchoring Vignettes To Assess Response Style and Corrementioning

confidence: 99%

Anchoring Vignettes

Primi

Zanon

Santos

et al. 2016

European Journal of Psychological Assessment

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Abstract. Individuals differ in the way they use rating scales to describe themselves, and these differences are particularly pronounced in children and early adolescents. One promising remedy is to correct (or ''anchor'') an individual's responses according to the way they use the scale when they rate an anchoring vignette (a set of hypothetical targets differing on the attribute of interest). Studying adolescents' self-reports of their socio-emotional attributes, we compared traditional self-report scores with vignette-corrected scores in terms of reliability (internal consistency), discriminant validity (scale intercorrelations), and criterion validity (predicting achievement test scores in language and math). A large and representative sample of 12th grade Brazilian students (N = 8,582, 62% female, mean age 18.2) were administered a Portugueselanguage self-report inventory assessing social-emotional skills related to the Big Five personality dimensions. Correcting scores according to vignette ratings led to increases in the reliability of scales measuring Conscientiousness and Openness, but discriminant validity and criterion validity increased only when each scale was corrected using its own corresponding vignette set. Moreover, accuracy in rating the vignettes was correlated with language achievement test scores, suggesting that verbal factors play a role in providing both normative vignette ratings of others and self-reports that are reliable and valid.

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Cultural differences in response styles: The role of dialectical thinking

Cited by 229 publications

References 18 publications

Experienced Adversity in Life Is Associated With Polarized and Affirmed Political Attitudes

Experienced Adversity in Life Is Associated With Polarized and Affirmed Political Attitudes

Need Satisfaction and Well-Being: Testing Self-Determination Theory in Eight Cultures

Anchoring Vignettes

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