Cultural, Demographic and Environmental Dynamics of the Copper and Early Bronze Age in Iberia (3300–1500 BC): Towards an Interregional Multiproxy Comparison at the Time of the 4.2 ky BP Event

González, Antonio Blanco; Lillios, Katina T.; López‐Sáez, José Antonio; Drake, Lee

doi:10.1007/s10963-018-9113-3

Cited by 88 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 154 publications

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“…We note that, in Fig. 6, the identification of the 4.2 ka BP Event appears problematic (at least using AP % signal), which is not in the case for other pollen records in Italy (Magri and Parra, 2002;Di Rita and Magri, 2009;Di Rita et al, 2018a), the Iberian Peninsula (e.g., Blanco-Gonzalez et al, 2018;Lillios et al, 2016), or the Levant (e.g., Kaniewski et al, 2013Kaniewski et al, , 2018. Interestingly, some records may suggest that the 4.2 ka interval is characterized by several important oscillations rather than one simple long interval of specific (usually drier) climatic conditions (see, for instance, Skala Marion and Solufar or GLD1 in Fig.…”

Section: Chronology: the Achilles Heel Of The Problemmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…With this in mind, we are also aware that our selection of records could appear incomplete for some archives/proxies. Among a copious number of data showing, even if with different expression, the 4.2 ka BP Event and its impact in the Mediterranean Basin (e.g., Magny et al, 2009;Margaritelli et al, 2016;Blanco-Gonzalez et al, 2018), we have decided to select only the proxies that can give, in our opinion, more complete information on the hydrological variability like oxygen isotope composition of continental carbonates (e.g., Roberts et al, 2010) and on the temperature conditions at regional scale, as reconstructed by pollen data and marine proxies Table 1. The dotted red line corresponds to the limit of the growth of olive trees, taken as a rough indication of Mediterranean climate.…”

Section: Methods and Terminologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The 4.2 ka BP Event in the Mediterranean region: an overview

et al. 2019

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The Mediterranean region and the Levant have returned some of the clearest evidence of a climatically dry period occurring around 4200 years ago. However, some regional evidence is controversial and contradictory, and issues remain regarding timing, progression, and regional articulation of this event. In this paper, we review the evidence from selected proxies (sea-surface temperature, precipitation, and temperature reconstructed from pollen, δ 18 O on speleothems, and δ 18 O on lacustrine carbonate) over the Mediterranean Basin to infer possible regional climate patterns during the interval between 4.3 and 3.8 ka. The values and limitations of these proxies are discussed, and their potential for furnishing information on seasonality is also ex-plored. Despite the chronological uncertainties, which are the main limitations for disentangling details of the climatic conditions, the data suggest that winter over the Mediterranean involved drier conditions, in addition to already dry summers. However, some exceptions to this prevail -where wetter conditions seem to have persisted -suggesting regional heterogeneity in climate patterns. Temperature data, even if sparse, also suggest a cooling anomaly, even if this is not uniform. The most common paradigm to interpret the precipitation regime in the Mediterranean -a North Atlantic Oscillation-like pattern -is not completely satisfactory to interpret the selected data.

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Section: Chronology: the Achilles Heel Of The Problemmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Methods and Terminologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The 4.2 ka BP Event in the Mediterranean region: an overview

et al. 2019

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“…Lillios et al Within the northeast the late Neolithic/Chalcolithic is characterised by continuity in cultural practice (including subsistence, settlement and technology) until c.4400 cal. yr BP (Blanco-González et al, 2018), although increases in the radiocarbon SPD do not occur until 4000 cal. yr BP (Figure 2a).…”

Section: Palaeodemographic Trends In Eastern Iberia 10000-2500 Cal mentioning

confidence: 96%

Prehistoric palaeodemographics and regional land cover change in eastern Iberia

et al. 2019

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Much attention has been placed on the drivers of vegetation change on the Iberian Peninsula. Whilst climate plays a key role in determining the species pools within different regions and exerts a strong influence on broad vegetation patterning, the role of humans, particularly during prehistory, is less clear. The aim of this paper is to assess the influence of prehistoric population change on shaping vegetation patterns in eastern Iberia and the Balearic Islands between the start of the Neolithic and the late Bronze Age. 3385 radiocarbon dates have been compiled across the study area to provide a palaeodemographic proxy (radiocarbon summed probability distributions: SPD). Modelled trends in palaeodemographics are compared with regional-scale vegetation patterns deduced from analysis of 30 fossil pollen sequences. The pollen sequences have been standardised with count data aggregated into contiguous 200-yr time windows from 11000 cal. yr BP to present. Samples have been classified using cluster analysis to determine the predominant regional land cover types through the Holocene. Regional human impact indices and diversity metrics have been derived for northeast and southeast Spain and the Balearic Islands. The SPDs show characteristic boom-and-bust cycles of population growth and collapse, but there is no clear synchronism between northeast and southeast Spain other than the rise of Neolithic farming. In northeast Iberia patterns 2 of demographic change are strongly linked to changes in vegetation diversity and human impact indicator groups. In the southeast increases in population throughout the Chalcolithic and early Bronze Age result in more open landscapes and increased vegetation diversity. The demographic maximum occurred early in the 3 rd millennium cal. BP on the Balearic Islands and is associated with highest levels of human impact indicator groups. The results demonstrate the importance of population change in shaping the abundance and diversity of taxa within broad climaticallydetermined biomes.

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“…Las sociedades de la Edad del Bronce evidencian un profundo cambio respecto a la monumentalidad funeraria de las comunidades de la Edad del Cobre, como consecuencia de las transformaciones de las organizaciones sociales, surgiendo sociedades desigualitarias con unos modelos políticos centralizados (estados) y con marcadas diferencias entre los individuos (clases) en el sur peninsular c 2200-1500 cal BC, tanto en la Cultura de El Argar en el sureste (Lull et al 2011 (Balsera et al 2015: 149) y el colapso cultural c 2200 cal BC producido por el drástico cambio climático del evento 4.2 ka BP, significando un repunte de la aridez y una transformación paisajística del sur de la península ibérica (Blanco-González et al 2018).…”

Section: Ruptura Con El Megalitismo O Permanencia De La Monumentalidaunclassified

Monumentalidad funeraria del Bronce en el sur de la península ibérica: la necrópolis de La Orden Seminario (Huelva).

Catela¹

2020

SPAL

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Cultural, Demographic and Environmental Dynamics of the Copper and Early Bronze Age in Iberia (3300–1500 BC): Towards an Interregional Multiproxy Comparison at the Time of the 4.2 ky BP Event

Cited by 88 publications

References 154 publications

The 4.2 ka BP Event in the Mediterranean region: an overview

The 4.2 ka BP Event in the Mediterranean region: an overview

Prehistoric palaeodemographics and regional land cover change in eastern Iberia

Monumentalidad funeraria del Bronce en el sur de la península ibérica: la necrópolis de La Orden Seminario (Huelva).

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