Cultural Conditions for Mycelial Growth and Molecular Phylogenetic Relationship in Different Wild Strains ofSchizophyllum commune

Abstract

The common split-gilled mushroom, Schizophyllum commune is found throughout the world on woody plants. This study was initiated to evaluate conditions for favorable vegetative growth and to determine molecular phylogenetic relationship in twelve different strains of S. commune. A suitable temperature for mycelial growth was obtained at 30℃. This mushroom grew well in acidic conditions and pH 5 was the most favorable. Hamada, glucose peptone, Hennerberg, potato dextrose agar and yeast malt extract were favorable media for growing mycelia, while Lilly and glucose tryptone were unfavorable. Dextrin was the best and lactose was the less effective carbon source. The most suitable nitrogen sources were calcium nitrate, glycine, and potassium nitrate, whereas ammonium phosphate and histidine were the least effective for the mycelial growth of S. commune. The genetic diversity of each strain was investigated in order to identify them. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of rDNA were amplified using PCR. The size of the ITS1 and ITS2 regions of rDNA from the different strains varied from 129 to 143 bp and 241 to 243 bp, respectively. The sequence of ITS1 was more variable than that of ITS2, while the 5.8S sequences were identical. A phylogenetic tree of the ITS region sequences indicated that the selected strains were classified into three clusters. The reciprocal homologies of the ITS region sequences ranged from 99 to 100%. The strains were also analyzed by random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) with 20 arbitrary primers. Twelve primers efficiently amplified the genomic DNA. The number of amplified bands varied depending on the primers used or the strains tested. The average number of polymorphic bands observed per primer was 4.5. The size of polymorphic fragments was obtained in the range of 0.2 to 2.3 kb. These results indicate that the RAPD technique is well suited for detecting the genetic diversity in the S. commune strains tested.

Genetic Diversity and Dye-Decolorizing Spectrum ofSchizophyllum communePopulation

“…Five haplotypes (IX, LXXVIII, LXI, LXXXVI, and XCV) were shared by the domestic and foreign populations. This is similar with the results discovered by Alam et al (2010) who showed that most of ten Korean and two Chinese S. commune strains formed a separate clade from the control strains (some of which were South American strains). This fewoverlapped-phenomenon suggested that although the domestic population shows less nucleotide diversity than the foreign population, the domestic population had its uniqueness in ITS sequences, and therefore strongly contributed to the diversity of haplotype overall.…”

“…The genetic diversity of 195 S. commune strains has been investigated using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and intergenic spacer (IGS) regions of the rDNA sequence, revealing three major geographic groupings within the global population: North/Central America (NAM), South America (SAM), and Europe/Asia/Australia (EAS)[ 10 ]. In the East Asia area, analyzing 10 Korean and two Chinese S. commune strains showed that most of the Korean and Chinese strains formed a different clade from the control group (i.e., South American strains used in the study of James et al ., 2001) [ 10 , 11 ]. This high genetic diversity might be explained by the high mutation rate in the genomes of the S. commune populations from America and Russia [ 12 ].…”

First report on black spot disease of Phyllanthus emblica L. fruits caused by Thielaviopsis paradoxa in Bangladesh

“…PDA, CA, PSA, RA, HPA, HA was used to assay the mycelial growth of the pathogen. The effects of temperature on the mycelial growth of Thielaviopsis paradoxa, experiment was conducted according to Alam et al (2010). Different temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30 and 35ºC) was maintained for the mycelial growth of the pathogen on PDA in an incubator.…”

Mycelial Propagation and Molecular Phylogenetic Relationships of Commercially CultivatedAgrocybe cylindraceabased on ITS Sequences and RAPD

“…Sequence analysis indicated that the 5.8S of rDNA sequences were identical (153 bp) for all of the strains tested. The size variation was caused by differences in the number of nucleotides, revealing that these strains are clearly distinguishable from each other based on the ecological distribution, substitution, and insertion or deletion polymorphisms of the base position [28]. …”