2018
DOI: 10.1016/j.annals.2018.01.003
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Cultural attitudes and tourist destination prescription

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Cited by 12 publications
(9 citation statements)
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“…This finally leads to the creation of the reputation of a particular city. In line with this, Pardo-Garcia et al [49] emphasize the fact that tourists' expectations are formed on the basis of external sources and that tourists cannot attest to them until they visit the destination [50]. Starting from different approaches to the definition of this notion, the reputation of a city is referred to in this paper as various stakeholders' attitudes towards a city created through their personal experiences having been gained over time, representing a comparable category in terms of personal and social expectations as well as the competition, whereby reputation as such influences such stakeholders' intentions and behaviors concerning the city.…”
Section: Theoretical Background 21 a City's Reputationmentioning
confidence: 55%
“…This finally leads to the creation of the reputation of a particular city. In line with this, Pardo-Garcia et al [49] emphasize the fact that tourists' expectations are formed on the basis of external sources and that tourists cannot attest to them until they visit the destination [50]. Starting from different approaches to the definition of this notion, the reputation of a city is referred to in this paper as various stakeholders' attitudes towards a city created through their personal experiences having been gained over time, representing a comparable category in terms of personal and social expectations as well as the competition, whereby reputation as such influences such stakeholders' intentions and behaviors concerning the city.…”
Section: Theoretical Background 21 a City's Reputationmentioning
confidence: 55%
“…For example, tourists are likely to prioritize social values such as gaining social acceptance from others, feeling unique, and creating a favorable impression on others (Williams and Soutar, 2009). Positive cultural and cognitive attitudes influence tourists’ satisfaction with the location and subsequent behavior in cultural heritage tourism (Pardo-Garcia et al, 2018). Indeed, when tourists have a powerful sense of control over the activity's content, they may easily overcome difficulties encountered throughout the entertainment process, increasing the likelihood that the activity will conform to the participants’ expectations, resulting in increased pleasure (Kim and Thapa, 2018; Wu and Liang, 2011).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…"一带一路" 倡议对中国与参与国的文化交流 促进作用尚无系统研究, 有待进一步经验解析。已 有研究多从自身学科视角出发, 进行了不同阐释: ①教育方面, "一带一路" 倡议下中国大学推进区域 教育水平和教育公平建设, 互派留学生数量显著增 加, 形成了有效的教育交流 [25] 。②中医药方面, "一 带一路" 倡议下中医药传播存在着专业和日常需求 的前因, 器物功效、 精神理解和制度适应的影响因 素, 信任、 互惠、 对抗的状态, 整合、 积极、 构建的策 略, 为破解文化交流面临的自我更新和多元语境等 困境提供了启示 [26] 。③医疗卫生方面, "一带一路" 倡议提供了对外卫生援助制度、 完善全球卫生法律 制度、 优化区域公共卫生资源配置等中国方案 [27] 。 文化交流对中国出境旅游流的吸引作用可从 游前、 游中、 游后 3 个阶段解析。①在游前, 频繁的 文化交流有助于增加中国对参与国的文化了解, 建 立民众间的情感联接, 强化文化包容与认同, 提升 中国居民对参与国的目的地形象感知, 激发潜在旅 游动机, 开展国际旅游活动 [28,29] 。②在游中, 虽然国 际旅游的跨文化情景能给中国出境旅游者带来新 奇异域体验, 也易因文化差异较大而引发负面影 响, 如饮食不适、 出行不便、 难以接受当地风俗等问 题。参与国文化包容度低的国际旅游者体验易受 扰, 甚至由此产生压力与不适 [30,31] 。文化交流活动 带来的文化包容与认同能够缓解文化差异带来的 不适, 形成更深层次的游客涉入, 提升旅游满意度 和幸福感 [32] 。③在游后, 较好的文化旅游体验有助 于提升中国出境旅游者对目的地的忠诚度, 强化口碑 效应, 乃至增大重游意愿 [33,34] 。据此, 提出假设 H3。 H3: "一带一路" 倡议带动了参与国和中国的文 化交流, 进而吸引了中国出境旅游流, 即 "寻文而 至" 。 2.4"因商而游" 和 "寻文而至" 的交互关系 国际贸易与文化交流的双向促进关系为解读 "因商而游" 和 "寻文而至" 的交互影响提供了基 础。一方面, 双边或多边国际贸易的繁荣, 可直接 带动贸易伙伴国的文化交流与碰撞, 以利益共同体 的建立逐渐推动文化价值共同体发展。文化差异 过大将引发频繁的贸易摩擦, 降低贸易效率, 增大 贸易成本, 维持国际贸易的现实需要会倒逼两国加 强文化交流, 以缓解语言、 地区风俗、 价值观念等文 化差异产生的阻碍效应 [35] 。另一方面, 文化交流程 度的提高, 带来营商理念的包容, 认同水平的提升, 使得高文化交流国家间的贸易合作伙伴关系更常 见且稳固 [36,37] 。基于孔子学院、 国际友好城市视角 的实证研究均指出, 文化交流能提升协商沟通效 率, 减小贸易不确定性, 塑造双边贸易信任机制, 以 形成贸易成本降低效应和偏好选择效应 [38,39] 。也有 研究指出文化交流能够拉长贸易持续期, 以实现出 口贸易拓展和集约边际的二元增长 [40] 。 在 "一带一路" 的历史背景下, 早有研究者指出 古丝绸之路为沿线国家输送含有深刻中国文化烙 印的茶叶、 香料、 丝绸、 陶瓷等商品, 通过文化的交 流带动了商品贸易的输出, 又基于商品贸易的繁荣 加强了中国与沿线国家的文化互动 [41] 。因此, "一带 一路" 倡议影响下 "因商而游" 和 "寻文而至" 的交互 关系自然显现。 "因商而游" 的商务旅游者在与参与 国的商贸往来中, 对参与国的了解增多, 对参与国 文化的认同程度逐渐提高, 进而引发其文化旅游活 动 [42] ; "寻文而至" 的文化旅游者, 对参与国的文化理 解愈发深入, 对参与国的文化认同程度随之提高, 两国间更易萌发较多的商贸活动, 从而吸引新的 "因商而游" 旅行者 [14] (图 1) 。据此, 提出假设 H4。 H4: "因商而游" 与 "寻文而至" 存在正向的交互 影响。…”
Section: 3"寻文而至" 机制unclassified