“…Similarly, a 22x speedup was achieved in [47] solving pr1002 TSP and 44x on fnl4461 TSP instance in [48]. However, there are also various hybrid approaches for solving TSP - [49] solves parallel Cultural ACO (pCACO) (a hybrid of genetic algorithm and ACO). Research showed that pCACO outperformed sequential and parallel ACO implementations in terms of solution quality.…”