Cultural and Sex Differences in the Sex Distribution of Dream Characters

Urbina, Susana; Grey, Alan L.

doi:10.1177/002202217563008

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Contrary to the usual European-American pattern, male Peruvians and Mexicans dreamed equally about male and female characters, whereas Peruvian and Mexican women tended to dream more about male characters than about female characters (Table 6.7). Urbina and Grey (1975) also found a low male/ female percent for men in Peru. They used dream reports collected in Lima from 48 male and 48 female college students, 18 to 20 years of age.…”

Section: Three Latin American Countriesmentioning

confidence: 87%

Finding Meaning in Dreams

Domhoff

1996

369

594

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10987654321All rights reservedNo part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher vii viii Preface be linked with studies of traumatic dreams and recurrent dreams to suggest there is a "repetition dimension" in dreams that tends to be overlooked because most theorists focus on one dream at a time. I also claim that studies of relaxed waking cognition, such as daydreams and passing thoughts, allow us to theorize about dreams on the basis of new ideas in cognitive psychology. At the most general level, dreams reveal our self-conceptions and our emotional preoccupations, and they tend to be more continuous with our waking thoughts and concerns than we generally realize.Both the accuracy and readability of this book were improved immeasurably thanks to an extremely careful and thoughtful reading of the first draft by one of the leading experts on dream content, Deirdre Barrett of Harvard University Medical School. I am deeply grateful for her time and effort. I also want to thank David Foulkes, the preeminent laboratory investigator of dreams for the past 30 years, for his very helpful and reassuring substantive comments on the second draft of the manuscript, and Richard L. Zweigenhaft, my longtime co-author on social psychology topics, for his frank and useful editorial suggestions on the second draft. My thanks, also, to my colleague Dane Archer in the Department of Sociology at the University of California, Santa Cruz, for advice on statistical questions, and to Mark Mizruchi of the Department of Sociology at the University of Michigan for his important corrections to my statistical appendix. Further thanks go to my colleague Daniel Guevara of the Department of Philosophy at the University of California, Santa Cruz, for his thoughtful comments on what philosophers say about the meaning of "meaning."The help of one of my former students, Adam Schneider, was essential to me in the final stages of the manuscript. He mastered the coding system and did creative work on three final analyses that added greatly to the argument. He utilized his outstanding computer skills to improve the accuracy of the tables and to check many previous calculations. He also caught many errors in his careful proofreading of the manuscript.

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Section: Three Latin American Countriesmentioning

confidence: 87%

Finding Meaning in Dreams

Domhoff

1996

369

594

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“…Few discrepancies between two scorers occur (Hall & Van de Castle, 1966a, p. 151). Urbina and Grey (1975) reported a scorer reliability of .91, and Sullivan (1981), of .93. Close agreement between scorers is not surprising, because it is not difficult to identify male and female characters in dream reports. The few discrepancies that do occur are due to carelessness, ambiguity, or a failure to follow the rules consistently.…”

Section: Scoring Male and Female Charactersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The significance of the difference between independent percentages or, when appropriate, between independent means was computed using standard formulae. Urbina and Grey (1975) and Urbina (1981) have argued that instead of computing the percentage of male characters in a group of dreams, the percentage of male characters for each dreamer should be computed, and the means of these percentages obtained. For group comparisons it does not make any difference whether the percentage in a group of dreams or the mean percentage is used, as the following study indicates.…”

Section: Scoring Male and Female Charactersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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"A ubiquitous sex difference in dreams" revisited.

Hall¹

1984

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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“…Empirical research indicates that the dreams of women are in many respects similar to men, although important and persistent gender differences do exist (Hall, 1984;Urbina & Grey, 1975), and that dream content is a sensitive and reliable barometer of the larger societal context from which it emanates (Tedlock, 1992;Urbina & Grey, 1975). Similarly, dreams have also been used as a dependent variable to assess sociocultural changes (Kramer, Kinney, & Scharf, 1983;Lortie-Lussier, Schwab, & De Konnick, 1985;Trenholme, Cartwright, & Greenberg, 1984).…”

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confidence: 99%