Cultural and Natural Heritage at the ESRF: Looking Back and to the Future

Cotte, Marine; Autran, Pierre-Olivier; Berruyer, Camille; Dejoie, Catherine; Susini, J.; Tafforeau, Paul

doi:10.1080/08940886.2019.1680213

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…A spatial resolution of about 20 μm should be sufficient to reveal a contrast, thus decreasing the number of scanning steps by a factor of 10 compared to our measurements. Furthermore, several synchrotron sources around the world are undertaking major upgrades, , and measurements that were taking several hours will be reduced to a few minutes, which could also benefit the Cultural Heritage community . This upgrade would also promote the use of PDF analysis from XRD-CT data, which currently relies on either longer data acquisition or lower statistics.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, several synchrotron sources around the world are undertaking major upgrades, 40,41 and measurements that were taking several hours will be reduced to a few minutes, which could also benefit the Cultural Heritage community. 42 This upgrade would also promote the use of PDF analysis from XRD-CT data, which currently relies on either longer data acquisition or lower statistics. In our case, the possibility to distinguish diverse carbon origins, as demonstrated by Cersoy et al 43 was not possible.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Revealing the Nature of Black Pigments Used on Ancient Egyptian Papyri from Champollion Collection

et al. 2020

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Although numerous papyri from ancient Egypt have been collected and preserved over the centuries, the recipe used to prepare black inks was only reported in manuscripts from the late Greco-Roman period. Black inks were mostly obtained after mixing carbon black with a binder agent and water. In previous studies performed on black inks apposed on papyri from ancient Egypt, additional chemical elements such as lead, iron, or copper were also identified, and the resulting chemical contrast with the papyrus support was used to virtually decrypt highly degraded or rolled papyri. Combining a series of synchrotron-based techniques with Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, we investigated 10 papyri fragments from J.-F. Champollion's private collection. For each fragment, the carbonblack pigment found in the ink is identified as flame carbon (lampblack or soot). Using Xray diffraction computed tomography, we show that the diffraction signal of the carbon-based pigment itself can be isolated. As a result, a contrast with the papyrus support is obtained, even in the absence of a specific chemical element in the ink. This is opening up new opportunities to decipher words written millennia ago, as part of our Cultural Heritage.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing the Nature of Black Pigments Used on Ancient Egyptian Papyri from Champollion Collection

et al. 2020

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“…Pioneering studies using HR-XRPD for the study of cultural heritage materials were performed at the former BM16 beamline at the end of the 1990s [ 23 ], paving the way for the exploitation of synchrotron radiation in Heritage Science. In the field of cultural heritage, HR-XRPD is used for phase identification and quantification, microstructure characterization and, in some cases, complete structure determination [ 24 , 25 ]. Fast screening of a series of samples can also be carried out, a convenient way to look for example at modern reproductions obtained in the laboratory in controlled atmosphere (e.g., humidity, temperature, for aging/long-term degradation studies).…”

Section: High-angular Resolution X-ray Diffraction At Id22mentioning

confidence: 99%

The “Historical Materials BAG”: A New Facilitated Access to Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction Analyses for Cultural Heritage Materials at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility

et al. 2022

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The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) has recently commissioned the new Extremely Brilliant Source (EBS). The gain in brightness as well as the continuous development of beamline instruments boosts the beamline performances, in particular in terms of accelerated data acquisition. This has motivated the development of new access modes as an alternative to standard proposals for access to beamtime, in particular via the “block allocation group” (BAG) mode. Here, we present the recently implemented “historical materials BAG”: a community proposal giving to 10 European institutes the opportunity for guaranteed beamtime at two X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) beamlines—ID13, for 2D high lateral resolution XRPD mapping, and ID22 for high angular resolution XRPD bulk analyses—with a particular focus on applications to cultural heritage. The capabilities offered by these instruments, the specific hardware and software developments to facilitate and speed-up data acquisition and data processing are detailed, and the first results from this new access are illustrated with recent applications to pigments, paintings, ceramics and wood.

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“…X-ray sources ten to hundred times brighter and with a higher fraction of coherent photons than the third generation of synchrotrons open ways to real-time acquisition in the domain of Digital Rock Physics. Together with the construction of rotation stages that can carry loads of several hundreds kilograms [Cotte et al, 2019] and designed flow-through and triaxial cells for in situ imaging, these technology developments contribute to run experiments with unprecedented sample volumes (several cm 3 ), pressures (up to 1 GPa) and temperature conditions (up to 500 °C), and to characterize processes that progress very quickly. Time limitation for multiscan imaging or imaging of highly absorbent samples should be overcome, and it will be possible to perform 3D XMT scans at different sample distances or of dense materials within seconds.…”

Section: Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four-dimensional X-ray micro-tomography imaging of dynamic processes in geosciences

Noiriel¹,

Renard²

2022

Comptes Rendus. Géoscience

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The dynamic response of rocks to thermal, hydrodynamical, mechanical, and geochemical solicitations is of fundamental interest in several disciplines of geosciences, including geoengineering, geophysics, rock physics, hydrology, mineralogy, and environmental and soil sciences. From crystal shape to rock microstructure or pore space and fluid distribution, parameters characterizing the rock physico-chemical properties evolve at different time and spatial scales. X-ray micro-tomography (XMT), as a non-invasive and non-destructive imaging technique, offers an unprecedented opportunity to add the fourth dimension, i.e. time, to the three-dimensional spatial visualization of rock and mineral microstructures. The technique is increasingly used to explore dynamic processes in porous and fractured rocks, thanks to synchrotron sources and laboratory XMT scanners, new generations of detectors, and increasing computational power. Image processing allows for tracking the evolution of the fluid-fluid or fluid-mineral interfaces as well as measuring incremental deformations, as rocks deform and react through time under in situ conditions of the sub-surface. Here, we review recent advances in 4D X-ray micro-tomography applied to thermohydro-mechano-chemical (THMC) sub-surface processes where fluids, porosity, minerals, and rock microstructures evolve together.Keywords. X-ray micro-tomography, 4D imaging, Mineral reactivity, Reactive flow, Rock deformation, Multi-phase flow, Thermo-hydro-mechano-chemical processes.Note. Submission by invitation of the editorial board. Catherine Noiriel is the 2020 recipient of the Prix Schlumberger of the Académie des sciences / Soumission sur invitation du comité de rédaction. Catherine Noiriel est la lauréate 2020 du Prix Schlumberger de l'Académie des sciences.

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Cultural and Natural Heritage at the ESRF: Looking Back and to the Future

Cited by 11 publications

References 61 publications

Revealing the Nature of Black Pigments Used on Ancient Egyptian Papyri from Champollion Collection

Revealing the Nature of Black Pigments Used on Ancient Egyptian Papyri from Champollion Collection

The “Historical Materials BAG”: A New Facilitated Access to Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction Analyses for Cultural Heritage Materials at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility

Four-dimensional X-ray micro-tomography imaging of dynamic processes in geosciences

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