Cultural and Economic Motivation of Pig Raising Practices in Bangladesh

In a group of 22 healthy pigs aged between 4 and 6 months, 2 pigs became ill with high fever, complete anorexia, cough and abnormal swaying movements on 22 June 2015. One of them died on June 24 and the second died on July 3. Shortly after, the remaining pigs also fell ill and died from the same illness by 10 August 2015. We investigated the aetiology, epidemiological and clinical features of the outbreak. We recorded the clinical signs and symptoms for each pig with the date of onset of illness. Veterinarians conducted post‐mortem examinations on the 12 dead pigs, they collected tissue samples from the dead pigs and placed them in a tube containing 1 mL of nucleic acid extraction buffer (lysis buffer). We tested all the tissue samples by real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT‐PCR) to detect classical swine fever virus (CSFV) because the animals’ symptoms matched those of this disease. We also conducted a phylogentic analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the E2 gene segment of CSFV detected in a lung tissue sample. The attack rate (22/22) and the case fatality were 100%. The predominant symptoms of the disease included high fever, cough, diarrhoea and swaying movements of the hind legs prior to death. Of the 12 pigs tissue samples tested, all had evidence of the presence of CSFV RNA by rRT‐PCR. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the virus belongs to genotype 2.2, which is closely related to CSFV genotype 2.2 reported in India. Our investigation suggests that CSF is circulating in pigs, posing a risk for communities in Bangladesh that rely on pigs for economic income and dietary protein. Future research could focus on estimating the disease and economic burden of CSFV in pig rearing areas to determine if interventions might be warranted or cost‐effective.

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“…However, pig rearing is an important source of livelihood and animal protein for these communities in Bangladesh (Nahar et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Most of the pig raisers were impoverished and invested minimally in pig feed, housing and preventive care (Nahar et al 2012a,b). However, pig rearing is an important source of livelihood and animal protein for these communities in Bangladesh (Nahar et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An outbreak of classical swine fever in pigs in Bangladesh, 2015

Sarkar

Hossain

Gurley

et al. 2017

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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“…However, subnational vaccination efforts may be difficult for national vaccine programs to implement. There also seems to be a risk of further marginalising the ethnic minorities engaged in pig raising 31 . A vaccine program focused on the pigs themselves may also be considered although the rapid turnover in pigs due to short life span and presence of maternal antibodies, which last 2-3 months, may make this unfeasible 8, 32 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Informing an investment case for Japanese encephalitis vaccine introduction in Bangladesh

Duque,

Naser,

Paul

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a major threat to human health. Bangladesh is considering introducing a JEV vaccine, however, the investment case is hampered by a poor understanding of key aspects of JEV ecology, including underlying patterns of infection, the infection fatality ratio, and which host and vectors maintain transmission. Methods We conducted a seroprevalence study in individuals of all ages in Chapai Nawabganj, Bangladesh. We tested blood samples for anti-JEV antibodies using a novel assay that limits cross-reactivity with dengue virus, trapped mosquitoes, and collected information about potential host species. We combined our results with data from a pig census, human case data and healthcare seeking patterns, all from the same region, and used mathematical models to recover risk factors for infection, and underlying probabilities of severe disease and death. Findings We found 14.3% (203/1455) of participants had antibodies against JEV. We estimated 0.5% of the susceptible population gets infected each year, however, infection risk was spatially heterogeneous, with the presence of pigs in the vicinity being the most important predictor of seropositivity. We identified 10 different known mosquito vectors for JEV. We estimated that 1 in 1,000 infections result in severe disease, 1 in 10,000 result in death, and 76% of severe cases are missed by surveillance systems. Interpretation JEV infection risk is highly spatially heterogeneous, with the underlying potential of vaccines linked to the distribution of pig-raising communities.

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“…Human beings acquire NCC through faecal-oral contamination by ingesting parasite eggs from a human harboring an adult tapeworm in the intestines [ 10 ]. Individuals that live in areas with poor sanitation and with inadequate pig-raising practices are more likely to ingest the eggs of the Taenia solium [ 5 , 9 ]. However, scholars know little about whether women or men are more susceptible of Taenia solium because of the activities they perform.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%