Cultural Adaptation, Validation, and Analysis of the Self-Efficacy in Palliative Care Scale for Use with Spanish Nurses

Abstract

The aim of the present study is to validate the Self-Efficacy in Palliative Care Scale (SEPC) in Spanish nursing professionals and students, to describe their levels of self-efficacy, and to determine the influencing factors. A validation study and a cross-sectional descriptive study were carried out, with the data analysed using contrast tests and multiple linear regression; 552 nurses and 440 nursing students participated. The Spanish version consists of 23 items and has a high degree of reliability (α = 0.944). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed one additional factor (i.e., management of psychosocial and spiritual aspects) in comparison to the original scale. Contrast tests revealed that the mean SEPC score was higher in professionals than in students (p < 0.001) and that the professionals who had higher levels of self-efficacy were older (p < 0.001), had more previous training (p < 0.001), and had more experience in end-of-life care (p = 0.001). The linear analysis results confirm a significant association between age and previous training in end-of-life care. The Spanish version of the SEPC is a reliable tool for both nursing professionals and students. The level of self-efficacy of both groups is moderate and is influenced by age, experience, and training in end-of-life care.

Design and Validation of the INCUE Questionnaire: Assessment of Primary Healthcare Nurses’ Basic Training Needs in Palliative Care

“…The reliability scores (KR20 0.700 and α 0.941) are similar to those obtained by other instruments in Spanish such as the PCQN (KR20 0.72 and α 0.67) [36], Rotterdam MOVE2PC (α 0,786) [37], EACP (α 0.807) [29], or the Self-Efficacy in Palliative Care Scale (α 0.944) [31], or that of other instruments developed and validated in English such as the PCKT (α 0.87) [33] or the three PANA questionnaires (α 0.69, α 0.81 and α 0.80) [38].…”

“…This is not assessed by any of the other instruments reviewed. Subjectivity of the respondent is avoided by eliminating questions as to whether he/she feels prepared [31] or placing them in a hypothetical care-related situation [38]. In this respect, a nurse may feel prepared to perform the care-related task but, nevertheless, classify the situation as difficult.…”

“…Other scales focus on measuring the perceived self-efficacy competencies or selfreporting confidence and the perceived educational needs in PC, such as the Self-Efficacy in Palliative Care Scale [30,31] and the Self-reporting Confidence and Educational Needs in Hospice Care developed by Kwon [32].…”

“Do Not Protect Us, Train Us.”—Swiss Healthcare Students’ Attitudes Toward Caring for Terminally Ill Patients

“…As shown by previous studies, self-competence is influenced by age, experience, and training in end-of-life care (Herrero-Hahn et al, 2019). Positive attitudes towards caring for terminally ill patients are also associated with more experience (Laporte et al, 2020), training (Paul et al, 2019), and greater age (Dimoula et al, 2019;Lange et al, 2008;Mahiro et al, 2014;Matsui & Braun, 2010).…”

Translation, adaptation, and validation of the Self-efficacy in Palliative Care scale (SEPC) for use in Swedish healthcare settings

“…Other countries have also found the scale to be useful. For example, both a Spanish version and a Brazilian Portuguese version were translated and adapted for their specific cultures, with results identifying that the instrument is valid for use in these countries [ 19 , 20 ]. A multicenter study, including 6 European countries (Belgium, England, Finland, Italy, the Netherlands, and Poland) used the SEPC communication subscale as a measurement for nurses’ and assistant nurses’ self-efficacy towards end-of-life communication.…”