Culturable mold in indoor air and its association with moisture-related problems and asthma and allergy among Swedish children

Holme, Jørn A.; Hägerhed-Engman, Linda; Mattsson, Johan; Sundell, Jan; Bornehag, Carl‐Gustaf

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2010.00658.x

Cited by 46 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Andersen Impactor and Biotest RCS High Flow air samplers are widely used to detect and quantify bioaerosols, identify bioaerosol release from sources, assessment of human exposure to biological agents, and monitor the effectiveness of control measures (Li, 2011;Saldanha and Manno, 2008). It should be noted that although cultivation methods are convenient, being able to identify major fungal species with simple equipment and analysis techniques, they are slow and always selective and therefore underestimate the total fungal counts (ACGIH, 1999) and may ignore some clinically relevant moulds (Baxi et al, 2013;Holme et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Airborne culturable fungi in naturally ventilated primary school environments in a subtropical climate

Salonen

Duchaine

Mazaheri

et al. 2015

Atmospheric Environment

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Airborne culturable fungi in naturally ventilated primary school environments in a subtropical climate

Salonen

Duchaine

Mazaheri

et al. 2015

Atmospheric Environment

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“…2,3 The culturable fraction of indoor microorganisms has been relatively welldocumented. [4][5][6] However, the majority of publications have focused on molds and their spores, and there is comparatively little information on bacteria in the indoor climate. The bacteria most often found in indoor environments such as schools and nurseries are grampositive genera such as Micrococcus and Staphylococcus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The bacterial composition of ventilation filter dust in Norwegian pre-school nurseries

Nygaard

Charnock

2017

Indoor and Built Environment

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Abstract:The microbial content of dust collected from intake and exhaust air filters in six Norwegian nurseries was determined using 16S rRNA pyrosequencing and plate count analyses. The concentration of endotoxins was also estimated. About 96% of the sequences were classified as Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Cyanobacteria. At the genus level, about 30% of sequences from the exhaust filter were classified as bacteria of probable human origin, such as Streptococcus and Corynebacterium species. These were close to absent in intake dust samples (<1%). This suggests that occupancy shapes the indoor microbiota, creating an environment relatively rich in genera of potential health significance. There were significantly greater counts of culturable bacteria in exhaust samples, indicating that passage of air through the nursery causes deterioration in the general air quality. Although there was significantly more endotoxin in exhaust dust, the endotoxin levels per colony forming unit were similar in both samples. The present study is the first of its kind in Norwegian nurseries, and is important as it reveals which groups of microorganisms nursery occupants are exposed to. In addition to possible direct health issues, the nature of our early exposure to microbes may be significant in the development of immunological conditions. AbstractThe microbial content of dust collected from intake and exhaust air filters in six Norwegian nurseries was determined using 16S rRNA pyrosequencing and plate count analyses. The concentration of endotoxins was also estimated. About 96% of the sequences were classified as Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Cyanobacteria. At the genus level, about 30% of sequences from the exhaust filter were classified as bacteria of probable human origin, such as Streptococcus and Corynebacterium species. These were close to absent in intake dust samples (<1%). This suggests that occupancy shapes the indoor microbiota, creating an environment relatively rich in genera of potential health significance. There were significantly greater counts of culturable bacteria in exhaust samples, indicating that passage of air through the nursery causes deterioration in the general air quality. Although there was significantly more endotoxin in exhaust dust, the endotoxin levels per colony forming unit were similar in both samples. The present study is the first of its kind in Norwegian nurseries, and is important as it reveals which groups of microorganisms nursery occupants are exposed to. In addition to possible direct health issues, the nature of our early exposure to microbes may be significant in the development of immunological conditions.

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“…Moreover, the association of molds measurements and objective characteristics of the dwellings, particularly signs of dampness, remains unclear. Several authors found dampness signs or visible mold to be good predictors for fungal biomarkers (Sordillo et al, 2011) or airborne or dustborne mold concentrations (Haas et al, 2007;Roussel et al, 2008), while other found associations only with objectively measured ambient parameters like temperature and relative humidity (Ren et al, 2001) or no association with visible signs of dampness or moldy odor in the dwelling (Holme et al, 2010). Outdoor levels also have been reported as the main determinant for total fungal and Cladosporium indoor concentrations (Dassonville et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentration and determinants of molds and allergens in indoor air and house dust of French dwellings

Dallongeville

Cann

Zmirou‐Navier

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

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Molds and allergens are common indoor biocontaminants. The aims of this study were to assess the concentrations of common molds in indoor air and floor dust and the concentrations of house dust mite, cat and dog allergens in mattress dust in French dwellings, and to assess predictors of these concentrations. A sample of 150 houses in Brittany (western France) was investigated.Airborne Cladosporium and Penicillium were detected in more than 90% of the dwellings, Aspergillus in 46% and Alternaria in only 6% of the housings. Regarding floor dust samples, Cladosporium and Penicillium were detected in 92 and 80% of the housings respectively, Aspergillus in 49% and Alternaria in 14%. House dust mite allergens Der p1 and Der f1 were detected in 90% and 77% of the mattress dust samples respectively and Can f1 and Fel d1 in 37% and 89% of the homes. Airborne and dustborne mold concentrations, although not statistically correlated (except for Aspergillus) shared most of their predictors. Multivariate linear models for mold levels, explaining up to 62% of the variability, showed an influence of the season, of the age of the dwelling, of aeration habits, presence of pets, smoking, signals of dampness, temperature and relative humidity. Allergens in the dust of the mattress were strongly related to the presence of pets and cleaning practices of bedsheets, these factors accounting for 60% of the variability. This study highlights ubiquitous contamination by molds and underlines complex interaction between outdoor and indoor sources and factors.3

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Culturable mold in indoor air and its association with moisture-related problems and asthma and allergy among Swedish children

Cited by 46 publications

References 38 publications

Airborne culturable fungi in naturally ventilated primary school environments in a subtropical climate

Airborne culturable fungi in naturally ventilated primary school environments in a subtropical climate

The bacterial composition of ventilation filter dust in Norwegian pre-school nurseries

Concentration and determinants of molds and allergens in indoor air and house dust of French dwellings

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