Culturable bacteria associated with the caves of Meghalaya in India contribute to speleogenesis

Banerjee, Subhro; Joshi, S. R.

doi:10.4311/2015mb0131

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Proteobacteria phylum was dominated by the class Gammaproteobacteria with Pseudomonas sp. observed as the major genera in accordance to previous studies (Barton et al, 2004;Banerjee & Joshi, 2016;Yasir, 2018). Proteobacterial population seldom observed to be the dominant class in most of the cave bacterial diversity studies with the majority of the bacterial population has been shown as Actinobacteria (Axenov-Gribanov et al, 2016;Ghosh et al, 2016Ghosh et al, , 2017Lavoie et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Culture dependent analysis of bacterial diversity in Canada’s Raspberry Rising Cave revealed antimicrobial properties

Ghosh¹,

Kam²,

Nijjer³

et al. 2020

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Bacteria and archaea thrive in terrestrial subsurface environments because of their unique physiology. Over time, these unique microorganisms may have adapted to possess specialized metabolic pathways that sustain their continued existence in caves, one of harshest environments on earth. The present study elucidates cultivation based microbial diversity of the cave sediments and wall scrapings collected from seven different locations in Raspberry Rising Cave located in the Columbia Mountain Range, British Columbia, Canada. A total of 103 cultivable bacteria from the cave were isolated on various agar media including R2A, Hickey-Tresner, and Difco TM Actinomycetes Isolation agar media. Taxonomical phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of the bacterial isolates identified three major phyla: Proteobacteria (Class: Gammaproteobacteria) (51.45%), Actinobacteria (43.68%) and Bacteroidetes (3.88%). Among them, the major genus was Pseudomonas (48.54%) followed by Rhodococcus (39.80%) and Flavobacterium (3.88%). The genus Janthinobacterium and Arthrobacter contributed about 2.91% each, of the total population. Noteworthy, 0.99% were recognized as endophytic Proteobacteria. Furthermore, these bacterial isolates were evaluated for their potential antimicrobial activities against the multidrug resistant bacterial strains. Two bacterial isolates (RRC23, RRC75) showed antimicrobial activities against multidrug resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli #15-318 while RRC48 exhibited against methicillin resistant (MRSA) Staphylococcus aureus. The isolates RRC36 and RRC38 were identified to show antimicrobial activities against non-pathogenic isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first scientific study conducted and provides the insight in occurrence and distribution of the cultivated bacterial diversity from the Raspberry Rising Cave. Moreover, the antimicrobial properties exhibited by some of the bacterial isolates suggested that this cave system could be a resource for potential antibiotics, drugs or novel biologics of clinical relevance. cave microbial diversity, multi-drug resistant organisms, cultivation-based, antimicrobial activities, Raspberry Rising Cave, marble cave

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Culture dependent analysis of bacterial diversity in Canada’s Raspberry Rising Cave revealed antimicrobial properties

Ghosh¹,

Kam²,

Nijjer³

et al. 2020

IJS

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“…Similarly, high and optimal GC content of prokaryotes led to the high thermal adaptability was also reported elsewhere (45). The evidence of biofilm formation in electron micrograph by of the novel Bacillus velezensis AG20 was also a feature of cave microbes similarly reported earlier by Banerjee and coworker (2, 7). Thermostable and thermophilic xylanases have much industrial significance.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…From the caves Krem Soitan, Krem Mawpun, and Krem Lawbah, 113 bacterial isolates were identified and majority belonged to the genus Bacillus, Rummeliibacillus, Staphylococcus, and Brevibacterium (6). In another report Banerjee and coworkers reported the abundance of the genera Bacilllus and Pseudomonas from Krem Mawsmai, Krem Mawmluh and Krem Mawjymbuin caves of East Khasi Hills, Meghalaya, India (7). Not many reports have been entailed since then about the geo-microbial aspects from the caves of Meghalaya, India.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Not many reports have been entailed since then about the geo-microbial aspects from the caves of Meghalaya, India. Bacillus strains are well pronounced for their biotransformation capacity in the caves through a number of processes, including photosynthesis, ammonification, denitrification, sulphate reduction, enzymatic hydrolysis and anaerobic sulphide oxidation (6, 7, 8). Bacillus sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploration of endo-xylanase from novel strain ofBacillus velezensisAG20 isolated from the cave of Meghalaya

Ghosh

Mahanta

Banerjee

et al. 2020

Preprint

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32Cave sets the example of extreme ecological niche and habitat for diversified 33 microorganisms. Present study involved in the isolation of endoxylanase producing novel strain 34 Bacillus velezensis AG20 from the Krem Phyllut cave, Meghalaya, India. Culture dependent 35 studies, molecular phylogentics, RNA secondary folding pattern based on 16S rDNA 36 substantiated the identity of this novel strain. Bacillus velezensis AG20 revealed the superbug 37 quality having resistance against various class of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Bacillus velezensis 38 AG20 revealed biofilm formation over the cell surface in FESEM. Highest cell biomass and 39 xylanase production supported in TB medium, further purified partially to 5.3 fold with 21% 40 yield. Molecular weight of the purified xylanase found to be 45 kDa. Enzyme kinetics and 41 pattern of hydrolysis revealed the evidence for the selection of linear birchwood xylan with Vmax 42 = 21.0 ± 3.0 U/ml, Km = 1.25 mg/ml, Kcat = 1.75/s at optimum pH 7 and temperature 50 o C also 43 found significant statistically in Taguchi's orthogonal design. Conversely, ruled out any exo-44 acting activity against synthetic pNP-xylopyranoside substrate. Endo-xylanase isolated from 45 Bacillus velezensis AG20 was moderately thermostable over temperatures 50 and 60 o C. Time 46 dependent hydrolysis of agro-waste sugar cane bagasse depicted the production of xylo-XOS hold their prebiotic potential by promoting the growth of probiotics Bifidobacterium and 49 Lactobacillus as well as high stability (~90%) against systemic fluids. Mixed XOS (300 µg/ml) 50 displayed anti-proliferation activities by reducing the growth of HT-29 and Caco-2 cells 51 significantly 90% and 75%, respectively, after 48 h. 52 53 IMPORTANCE 54 Extremophiles dwelling inside the caves have laden with the extraordinary capabilities of 55 bioconversion by nature. The pristine ecological niche inside the cave, absence of proper light 56 and air, supports the livelihood of novel microorganisms. In India, Meghalaya is hoisting longest 57 caves in the East Khasi Hills, providing conducive environment for novel bacterial strains. With the prime objective of isolating novel bacterial strains that produce extracellular xylanase our studies have been carried out. Considering the present industrial demand for nutraceutical, 60 prebiotics, anti-proliferating agents and biofuels by the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass 61 (LCB), novel enzymes are required. Xylanases from bacterial origin play a significant role in 62 conversion of LCB into oligosaccharides. Therefore, exploration and characterization of 63 xylanase producing novel isolate from cave may pave the new arena for the production of 64 prebiotic and anti-inflammatory oligosaccharides from agro-waste. 65 66 67

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“…Similarly, another bacterial diversity study from the bacterial biofilms explored from five caves from the Meghalaya in India, and identified Pseudomonas spp. as the major genus [36]. We found the presence of Achromobacter spp., although other studies have rarely identified it.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

In Situ Cultured Bacterial Diversity from Iron Curtain Cave, Chilliwack, British Columbia, Canada

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The culturable bacterial diversity from Iron Curtain Cave, Chilliwack, British Columbia, Canada was examined. Sixty five bacterial isolates were successfully cultivated, purified, and identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Four distinguishable phyla, i.e., Actinobacteria (44.61%), Proteobacteria (27.69%), Firmicutes (20%) and Bacteroidetes (7.69%) were identified. Arthrobacter (21.53%) was identified as the major genus, followed by Sporosarcina (9.23%), Stenotrophomonas (9.23%), Streptomyces (6.15%), Brevundimonas (4.61%), and Crocebacterium (2.8%). Noteworthy, 12.3% of the population was recognized as unidentified bacteria. The isolates were evaluated for their potential antimicrobial activities against multidrug resistant microbial strains. Two species of the genus Streptomyces exhibited a wide range of antimicrobial activities against multidrug resistance (MDR) strains of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas spp. along with non-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli. However, all of the antimicrobial activities were only observed when the isolates were grown at 8 • C in different media. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study conducted on the Iron Curtain Cave's bacterial diversity, and reveals some bacterial isolates that have never been reported from a cave. Bacterial isolates identified with antimicrobial properties demonstrated that the Iron Curtain Cave can be further considered as a potential habitat for antimicrobial agents.

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Culturable bacteria associated with the caves of Meghalaya in India contribute to speleogenesis

Cited by 16 publications

References 20 publications

Culture dependent analysis of bacterial diversity in Canada’s Raspberry Rising Cave revealed antimicrobial properties

Culture dependent analysis of bacterial diversity in Canada’s Raspberry Rising Cave revealed antimicrobial properties

Exploration of endo-xylanase from novel strain ofBacillus velezensisAG20 isolated from the cave of Meghalaya

In Situ Cultured Bacterial Diversity from Iron Curtain Cave, Chilliwack, British Columbia, Canada

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