Cultivation systems using vegetation cover Improves Sustainable Production and Nutritional Quality of New Rice for Africa in the Tropics

Comparative Effect of Biological Fixation of Nitrogen and Chemical Fertilizer on Yield Optimization of Two Sorghum Varieties in the Western Highlands

“…In general, chemical fertilizer treatment (T 1 ) showed the higher shoot length, number of leaves and collar diameter in both varieties compared to treatment T 2 (sorghum-NITU bean). This would be due not only to the competitiveness of the bean for water, soil nutrients, sunlight, but also choking caused by the density of the canopy [23][24][25] growth, a plant needs enough water, mineral salts, and light to efficiently achieve photosynthesis. This result highlights the importance of the shift in sowing date between sorghum and NITU beans.…”

Organic soil amendments using vermicomposts under inoculation of N2-fixing bacteria for sustainable rice production

“…In our experiment, in both years, bacterial treatments × organic amendments had a positive effect on the number of tillers. Although the number of tillers is dependent on environmental and genetic factors, but environmental conditions, especially nutrition have highest effect in the early stages of growth ( Murchie et al, 2002 ; Nuemsi et al, 2018 ). In both years, vermicomposts containing Azolla under inoculation with Azotobacter produced greatest tillers.…”

Ecological weed control in rice and maize using Orbygnia phalerata with focus on the weed seedbank in the soil

“…Other works described in the literature confirm that the proposed hypothesis is also applicable to the use of mulch with other materials. In fact, rice straw (Murungu et al, 2011;Chauhan and Abugho, 2013), wheat residue mulch (Kumar et al, 2013), Stylosanthes guianensis and a mixture of maize and Dolichos lablab (Ranaivoson et al, 2018) and dead vegetation cover (Nuemsi et al, 2018) showed a similar response in the weed control in rice and maize. Throughout the discussion, mulching with babassu palm dry leaves can be used as a strategy to weed control in areas of smallholder farming in the state of Maranhão.…”

“…According to these authors, this occurs because the soil cover blocks the incidence of light on the soil surface and acts as a direct physical impediment in the germination and emergence of many weed species. The effect of using mulch as a strategy for weed management in rice and maize was carried out by several authors (Moraes et al, 2009;Moura et al, 2009;Bunna et al, 2011;Chauhan and Abugho, 2013;Kumar et al, 2013;Nuemsi et al, 2018;Ranaivoson et al, 2018). However, none of the authors evaluated the effect of mulching on the germination of the soil seed bank and there are no reports on application of babassu palm leaves, which is a dominant autochthonous species in the secondary vegetation in the agricultural fields of the state of Maranhão, in weed management programs.…”