Cultivation of Mushrooms and Their Lignocellulolytic Enzyme Production Through the Utilization of Agro-Industrial Waste

Abstract

A large amount of agro-industrial waste is produced worldwide in various agricultural sectors and by different food industries. The disposal and burning of this waste have created major global environmental problems. Agro-industrial waste mainly consists of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, all of which are collectively defined as lignocellulosic materials. This waste can serve as a suitable substrate in the solid-state fermentation process involving mushrooms. Mushrooms degrade lignocellulosic substrates through lignocellulosic enzyme production and utilize the degraded products to produce their fruiting bodies. Therefore, mushroom cultivation can be considered a prominent biotechnological process for the reduction and valorization of agro-industrial waste. Such waste is generated as a result of the eco-friendly conversion of low-value by-products into new resources that can be used to produce value-added products. Here, we have produced a brief review of the current findings through an overview of recently published literature. This overview has focused on the use of agro-industrial waste as a growth substrate for mushroom cultivation and lignocellulolytic enzyme production.

Suitability of three different cereal grains for spawn development and their impact on the growth and yield of Macrocybe gigantea (Massee) Pegler & Lod.

“…A perusal of data presented in Table 2 showed that paddy straw inoculated with bajra grain spawn proved to be the best as it resulted in the formation of the highest number of sporophores (20.6). This may be due to multilateral enzyme system of M. gigantea, which biodegrades a large range of lignocellulosic wastes (Kumla et al, 2020). The lowest number of sporophores (17.0) were recorded on wheat straw inoculated with maize grain spawn (Table 2).…”

Mushroom Nutrition as Preventative Healthcare in Sub-Saharan Africa

“…Mushrooms produce a vast set of extracellular carbohydrate-active enzymes and biological active molecules that degrade very complex compounds such as hemicellulose and lignin. The variety of enzymes is dependent on the habitat and specific substrates, so it differs among mushroom species and home ground [45].…”

Biological efficiency and nutritional value of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated in agroindustrial wastes of palm oil fruits and cocoa almonds

“…The increase in wastes from agriculture directly relates to the world's population growth and the consequent rising demand for food production. A good alternative to recycle these wastes is through their use in the formulation of substrates for the cultivation of edible mushrooms (KUMLA et al, 2020).…”

“…Accordingly, colonization and production of fruiting bodies in lignocellulosic substrates are directly related to the fungus mycelium vigor (FIGUEIRÊDO; DIAS, 2014). Another reason is the nutritional characteristics of the substrate and the environmental conditions of the cultivation process, as reviewed by KUMLA et al (2020). Indeed, the C/N ratio of the wastes used to formulate the substrates to cultivate Pleurotus spp.…”