Cultivation of Hypericum Perforatum (St. John’s Wort) and Biotechnological Approaches for Improvement of Plant Raw Material Quality

Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Activity of Hypericum perforatum L. Extracts against Human Melanoma Cells from Different Stages of Cancer Progression, Cultured under Normoxia and Hypoxia

“…Hyperforin, widely known as an antidepressant agent [ 32 , 33 ], has also confirmed an anticancer effect [ 26 , 34 ]. Considering the wide range of its occurrence in central Europe and Asia, and its commonness, H. perforatum is potentially cheap to obtain and easily available for research in phytochemistry studies, despite its chemical content being dependent on environmental conditions [ 20 , 21 , 35 ]. The reported antiproliferative, cytotoxic, proapoptotic and antioxidant properties of hyperforin [ 36 ] led researchers to improve the methods of its extraction of its raw material from plants to increase the sourcing efficiency [ 37 ].…”

“…Conversely, the highest content of phenolic compounds was noted in HpEx2, which proves the influence of H. perforatum origin and cultivation way on the chemical composition, which was also confirmed in other experimental works [ 38 , 39 ]. The quality of Hypericum raw material depends, for example, on altitude [ 39 ], genotype [ 40 ], species fertilization scheme, cultivation [ 20 ], microbiome and chemical factors [ 23 , 41 ], extraction procedure, solvent, collection date, and storage of raw material [ 42 ]. The significance of environmental and genotypical factors affecting hyperforin content prompted us to regenerate harvested H. perforatum in in vitro cultures to verify hyperforin production by St John’s wort under natural and laboratory conditions.…”

“…Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John’s wort) is a perennial herb widespread in Europe, and one of the most valued traditional and pharmacological agents grown on plots and harvested from natural sites [ 20 ]. Its anti-microbial, anti-depressant, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties have been proven due to the content of numerous secondary metabolites (SM), and among them are polyphenols [ 21 , 22 ], with flavonoids and biflavonoids, xanthones, phenylpropanes, and except for phenolics, two main Hypericum compound classes: hypericins and hyperforins [ 23 ].…”

The potential role of Hypericum perforatum in wound healing: A literature review on the phytochemicals, pharmacological approaches, and mechanistic perspectives

“…The presence of a combination of phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, steroids, and other compounds in the H. perforatum L. extract may explain its wound‐healing abilities (Krishnan K & Thomas, 2019). As alluded to above, hypericin, a photodynamically active plant pigment, is the main compound of the H. perforatum L., which accelerates wound healing process (Figure 3) (Kwiecień et al, 2021). According to the findings of a study conducted by Sayar et al, increased hypericin concentration possesses a beneficial impact on second‐degree burn wound healing (Sayar et al, 2014).…”

Comparative Genomics and Physiological Investigations Supported Multifaceted Plant Growth-Promoting Activities in Two Hypericum perforatum L.-Associated Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria for Microbe-Assisted Cultivation

“…However, harvesting of wild plants accounts for a significant portion of the overall Hypericum supply, resulting in an unacceptably rapid decline in their natural stands ( 10 , 11 ). Deliveries of raw materials from natural habitat to international markets are furnished by almost all nations, including China, Serbia, and the United States ( 12 ). It appears that cultivating H. perforatum could be a great source of income for Indian farmers also, although in India, there are no standardized agrotechnologies developed yet for its cultivation.…”