Cultivation of filamentous cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) in agro-industrial wastes and wastewaters: A review

THIRD GENERATION BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM MICROALGAE Phormidium autumnale

“…Specifically for sucrose, the results obtained indicate a bell-shaped curve pattern in the range between 20 to 80. Comparatively, the results obtained are higher than those reported by Markou and Georgakakis (2011) that indicate maximum cell densities of 1180 mg/L for heterotrophic culture of Phormidium sp. using sucrose as exogenous carbon source.…”

Advanced nutrient removal from surface water by a consortium of attached microalgae and bacteria: A review

“…For instance, the dominance of aerobic denitrifying bacteria typically results in a high nitrogen removal under aerobic conditions (Zhang et al, 2012;Guo et al, 2013), and similarly a high abundance of polyP accumulating bacteria such as Accumulibacter boosts phosphorus removal (Carvalheira et al, 2014). However, the control of consortium composition and systems performance under natural conditions in surface water is difficult due to the dynamic fluctuations of solar irradiance, temperature, pH, DO, pollutants loading and population of invertebrate grazers (Markou and Georgakakis, 2011;Shurin et al, 2013).…”

“…Similar to the irradiance, microalgae and bacteria growth increases with increasing temperature up to their optimum growth temperature, to rapidly decrease beyond this value. The optimal growth temperature is speciesspecific and typically ranges from 10 to 35°C (Markou and Georgakakis, 2011;Breuer et al, 2013;Courtens et al, 2016). Turbulence in the aquatic medium promotes mass exchange and biomass production, but the shear stress induced by water flow may promote the detachment of attached microalgae from the solid substrate (Ahn et al, 2013).…”

“…exhibited specific nitrogen and phosphorus uptake rates of 55.9-70.6 mg NO 3 À -N g À1 dry weight d À1 and 12.7-27.5 mg PO 4 3-P g À1 dry weight d À1 , respectively, at 23°C under controlled laboratory conditions. The optimum temperature and pH typically ranges from 15 to over 35°C and 3 to 9, respectively (Markou and Georgakakis, 2011;Breuer et al, 2013). Some bacterial groups such as Achromobacteria, Alcaligenes, Bacillus, Hydrogenophaga and Pseudomonas can carry out heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification, converting ammonium ions to nitrogen aerobically (Yao et al, 2013;Chen et al, 2015).…”

Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis cultivation in tubular photobioreactor: Use of no-cost CO2 from ethanol fermentation

“…Nevertheless, urea and ammonium salts have been successfully used as alternative sources, and where chosen especially because of their low acquisition cost [5]. In addition, this cyanobacterium uptakes nitrogen directly in the form of ammonia [6] when either of these sources is present in the cultivation medium, whereas nitrates require an enzymatic reduction to nitrite and then ammonia, thus consuming energy [7]. When added in alkaline media, ammonium salts are turned into ammonia, which is volatile and then toxic at high concentrations [8].…”