Cultivation of Chlorella pyrenoidosa as a raw material for the production of biofuels in palm oil mill effluent medium with the addition of urea and triple super phosphate

Abstract

Background: The utilization of microalgae as a renewable energy is an important aspect in solving shortage of future oil reserve in 15 years. One of the renewable energy sources is microalgae biodiesel. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a wastewater that has a high content of organic materials. These organic materials can be used as growth nutrients for microalgae. Chlorella pyrenoidosa is one of the most potential microalgae used as a raw material for the production of biodiesel since it contains lipids (8%-35%). Methods: Chlorella pyrenoidosa was cultured on the POME medium with concentrations of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%v with addition of synthetic nutrients (urea: TSP) at the ratios of 2:1 ; 1:2 ; 0.5:1 in a 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask, at pH 6-8, aeration using aquarium pumps, and using LED lights (3000 lux). Results: It was revealed that at POME concentration of 25% and with addition of urea: TSP at a ratio of 2:1, the optimum specific growth rate (0.306/day) with the highest number of cells was 3.530 × 107 cells/mL and the highest lipid content was 36% of its dry weight. The removal efficiency of POME could be obtained from the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen, and orthophosphate (P-PO4 ), which was 70, 90.42, and 81.12%, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results, under appropriate culture conditions, C. pyrenoidosa can produce lipids with good use of nutrients contained in the POME medium.

Composition and Properties of Triple Superphosphate Obtained from Oyster Shells and Various Concentrations of Phosphoric Acid

“…TSP has been enormously used in agriculture all over the world, causing the phosphate rock reserves to deplete and prices increased by 300% . Recently, TSPs have also been utilized to reduce the acidity of tropical acid soil, alleviate arsenic toxicity in rice, phytostabilize Pb–Zn mine tailings, cultivate Chlorella pyrenoidosa, grow bermudagrass, produce white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus), sustain soil fertility and improve nodulation, produce ceramics, − produce hardening composite materials, and produce bioactive composite bone cements . Other TSP studies include improving phosphate solubility in soil using Trichoderma spp., preparation of slow-release TSP fertilizers, , and investigation of the potential to breed for maize hybrids under reduced P starter fertilizer .…”

Feasibility of Utilizing Wastewaters for Large-Scale Microalgal Cultivation and Biofuel Productions Using Hydrothermal Liquefaction Technique: A Comprehensive Review

“…Further calculations have also indicated that ∼93 and ∼50% of the eliminated nitrogen and phosphorous were assimilated by the alga during the end of the course of the investigation, showing that the tiny organisms "microalgae" are effectually the potential sources to utilize for removing the nitrogen and phosphorous from the wastewater bodies (Gao et al, 2018) (Table 1). Elystia et al (2020) has reported that the green microalga Chlorella pyrenoidosa was successfully cultivated using palm oil mill effluent (POME) wastewater as a growth medium and the maximum specific growth rate was 0.306 days −1 with the highest number of cells was 3.530 × 10 7 cells ml −1 . However, in this experiment, the researchers have not specified the exact biomass yield or biomass productivity.…”

Purificación Biológica De Biogas Procedentes De Lodos De Planta De Palma Aceitera, Utilizando Microalgas

“…La purificación del biogás brinda alternativas y posibilidades de uso, por lo que a nivel rural, el tratamiento para mejorar el biogás con MA tiene un gran potencial para la producción de energía renovable y respetuosa con el medio ambiente, la integración de proceso de cultivo de MA para eliminar CO del biogás y el tratamiento de aguas 2 residuales, son estrategias prometedoras y sostenibles (Cheah et al, 2020;Ding et al, 2020;Elystia et al, 2020;Srinuanpam et al, 2020;Zabed et al, 2020).…”