Cultivation, Extraction, and Analysis of Cannabis Sativa L.*

Doorenbos, Norman J.; Fetterman, Patricia S.; Quimby, Maynard W.; Turner, Carlton E.

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1971.tb13982.x

Cited by 74 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In plant tissues, cannabinoids are biosynthesized in an acidic (carboxylated) form. The most common types of acidic cannabinoids found are 9 -tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A (THCA-A), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) and cannabigerolic acid (CBGA). THC acid exists under two forms: THCA-A and THCA-B.…”

Section: Cannabinoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative development and validation of an HPLC/DAD method for the qualitative and quantitative determination of major cannabinoids in cannabis plant material

Backer

Debrus

Lebrun

et al. 2009

Journal of Chromatography B

249

219

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

GC is commonly used for the analysis of cannabis samples, e.g. in forensic chemistry. However, as this method is based on heating of the sample, acidic forms of cannabinoids are decarboxylated into their neutral counterparts. Conversely, HPLC permits the determination of the original composition of plant cannabinoids by direct analysis. Several HPLC methods have been described in the literature, but most of them failed to separate efficiently all the cannabinoids or were not validated according to general guidelines. By use of an innovative methodology for modelling chromatographic responses, a simple and accurate HPLC/DAD method was developed for the quantification of major neutral and acidic cannabinoids present in cannabis plant material: Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), THC acid (THCA), cannabidiol (CBD), CBD acid (CBDA), cannabigerol (CBG), CBG acid (CBGA) and cannabinol (CBN). Delta8-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta8-THC) was determined qualitatively. Following the practice of design of experiments, predictive multilinear models were developed and used in order to find optimal chromatographic analytical conditions. The method was validated following an approach using accuracy profiles based on beta-expectation tolerance intervals for the total error measurement, and assessing the measurements uncertainty. This analytical method can be used for diverse applications, e.g. plant phenotype determination, evaluation of psychoactive potency and control of material quality.

show abstract

Section: Cannabinoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative development and validation of an HPLC/DAD method for the qualitative and quantitative determination of major cannabinoids in cannabis plant material

Backer

Debrus

Lebrun

et al. 2009

Journal of Chromatography B

249

219

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Among these cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabinol (CBN) have received special attention. Both occur in considerable amounts in samples of marihuana plants (Doreenbos et al, 1971;De Vree et al, 1972;Turner and Hadley, 1973), are involved in the synthetic and degradation pathways of A9 -THC and were for merly said to be devoid of pharmacological activity (Frankenheim et al, 1971;Mechoulam et al, 1970). Evidence is growing rapidly which challenges the latter statement.…”

mentioning

confidence: 64%

Effects of Δ<sup>9</sup>-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabinol in Man

et al. 1975

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The interaction of Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ⁹-THC) and cannabinol (CBN) was studied in man. Five male volunteers were given placebo, 50 mg CBN, 25 mg Δ⁹-THC, 12.5 mg Δ⁹-THC + 25 mg CBN, and 25 mg Δ⁹-THC + 50 mg CBN (orally). Administrations were spaced 1 week apart. With physiological measures, Δ⁹-THC produced an increase in heart rate while CBN did not. When combined, no change of the Δ⁹-THC effect occurred. No changes occurred on the electrocardiogram, blood pressure, or body temperature. With psychophysical measures no changes occurred in pain thresholds or skin sensitivity as a function of drug treatment. In time estimates of the passage of 1 minute, Δ⁹ -THC alone produced underestimates of the passage of 1 minute and CBN alone had no effect. In combination the two drugs had a tendency to produce significant overestimates and underestimates of the passage of 1 minute. On a 66-item adjective-pair drug reaction scale, the volunteers reported feeling drugged, drunk, dizzy, and drowsy under the Δ⁹ -THC condition, but not under the CBN condition. With combined drug treatment, volunteers reported feeling more drugged, drunk, dizzy, and drowsy than under the Δ⁹-THC condition alone. None of the drug treatments produced significant changes on other items which included items on perception, emotion, cognition and sociability. It appears that CBN increases the effect of Δ⁹-THC on some aspects of physiological and psychological processes, but that these effects are small and cannot account for the greater potency which has been reported when plant material is used.

show abstract

“…It has been known for decades that plant constituents vary according to plant part, age of plant, parts that are utilized, where plants are cultivated, etc. [37]. Since A. vera L. is grown in many geographical areas using various farming techniques under different environmental influences and processed using a myriad of techniques, it would be impossible not to have a variation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; however, with a defined system and standardized column selection, mobile phase and sample preparations, a chromatogram can be obtained [37] that will provide data to define a basic profile of gel and processed products from A. vera L. For example, the chromatogram in Fig. 2 from the fresh gel sample 31 represents what Nature provides and is relatively consistent for plants of various age, geographical diversity, soil conditions and plant parts [38].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and comparison of commercially available Aloe vera L. products using size exclusion chromatography with refractive index and multi-angle laser light scattering detection

Turner

Williamson

Stroud

et al. 2004

International Immunopharmacology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cultivation, Extraction, and Analysis of Cannabis Sativa L.*

Cited by 74 publications

References 4 publications

Innovative development and validation of an HPLC/DAD method for the qualitative and quantitative determination of major cannabinoids in cannabis plant material

Innovative development and validation of an HPLC/DAD method for the qualitative and quantitative determination of major cannabinoids in cannabis plant material

Effects of Δ<sup>9</sup>-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabinol in Man

Evaluation and comparison of commercially available Aloe vera L. products using size exclusion chromatography with refractive index and multi-angle laser light scattering detection

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Cultivation, Extraction, and Analysis of Cannabis Sativa L.*

Cited by 74 publications

References 4 publications

Innovative development and validation of an HPLC/DAD method for the qualitative and quantitative determination of major cannabinoids in cannabis plant material

Innovative development and validation of an HPLC/DAD method for the qualitative and quantitative determination of major cannabinoids in cannabis plant material

Effects of &Delta;<sup>9</sup>-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabinol in Man

Evaluation and comparison of commercially available Aloe vera L. products using size exclusion chromatography with refractive index and multi-angle laser light scattering detection

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Effects of Δ<sup>9</sup>-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabinol in Man