Cultivating resilience by empirically revealing response diversity

Kahiluoto, Helena; Kaseva, Janne; Hakala, Kaija; Himanen, Sari; Jauhiainen, Lauri; Rötter, Reimund P.; Salo, Tapio; Trnka, Miroslav

doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.02.002

Cited by 43 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Martin and Magne, 2015), including under future climate and market scenarios. For example, di Falco and Chavas (2008) used cereal yield data to model the effect of extreme rainfall years on yield stability under varying degrees of spatial crop diversity, while Kahiluoto et al (2014a) used a mixed model approach to show that diversity of responses to rainfall and market shocks, rather than diversity of cultivar types, was most likely to support resilience in the barley-producing landscape of Finland. In an innovative approach from soil science, Todman et al (2016) used a model based on an analogy with a mechanical spring and damper system to quantify resilience metrics for soil respiration responses to disturbance.…”

Section: Modeling Agroecosystem Resiliencementioning

confidence: 99%

Ways forward for resilience research in agroecosystems

Peterson

Eviner

Gaudin

2018

Agricultural Systems

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Agroecosystems are on both the receiving and contributing ends of increasingly demanding climatic and environmental conditions. Maintaining productive systems under resource scarcity and multiplicative stresses requires precise monitoring and systems-scale planning. By incorporating ecological resilience into agroecosystems research we can gain valuable insight into agroecosystem identity, change, responsivity, and performance under stress, but only if we move away from resilience as a mere touchstone concept. Using the productivity, stability, resistance, and recovery of system processes as a basic framework for resilience monitoring, we propose quantitative research approaches to tackle the continuing lack of biophysical, field-scale indicators needed to lend insight into dynamic resilience variables and mechanisms. We emphasize the importance of considering productive functions, sources of system regulation and disturbance, and cross-scale interactions when applying resilience theory to agroecosystems. Agroecosystem resilience research requires understanding of multiple scales and speeds of influence both above and below the focal scale. When these considerations are addressed, resilience theory can add tangible value to agroecosystems research, both for the purposes of monitoring current systems and of planning future systems that can reconcile productivity and sustainability goals.

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Section: Modeling Agroecosystem Resiliencementioning

confidence: 99%

Ways forward for resilience research in agroecosystems

Peterson

Eviner

Gaudin

2018

Agricultural Systems

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“…Yet field observations confirm that farmers in this community continue to use traditional risk management strategies, such as planting some of their plots to a mixture of local potato varieties (chalis). Maintaining crop and variety portfolios with different traits and tolerances provides response diversity that mitigates losses from weather and market shocks (di Falco and Perrings 2003;Halloy et al 2005;di Falco and Chavas 2009;Perez et al 2010;Hakala et al 2012;McDowell and Hess 2012;Kahiluoto et al 2014). Most households in all the communities cultivated several potato varieties, including non-bitter and hardy bitter varieties.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change and crop diversity: farmers’ perceptions and adaptation on the Bolivian Altiplano

Meldrum

Mijatović²,

Rojas

et al. 2017

Environ Dev Sustain

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Crop diversity is central to traditional risk management practices on the Andean Altiplano and may find renewed importance in adapting to climate change. This study explored the role of crop diversity in farmers' adaptation actions in eight Aymara communities on the northern Bolivian Altiplano. Using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, including multifactor analysis and a community resilience selfassessment, we investigated how farmers' use of diversity in adaptation is related to their perceptions of crop and variety tolerances and other environmental, social, and economic factors. Few crops and varieties were perceived as tolerant to increasingly intense and unpredictable drought, frost, hail, and pest and disease outbreaks. Some local crops and varieties were perceived as vulnerable to emerging conditions (e.g. oca, papalisa, isaño), whereas bitter potatoes and wild relatives of quinoa and cañahua were perceived as highly stress tolerant and provide food in harsh periods. A total 19% of households surveyed (N = 193) had introduced new crops or varieties-often disease resistant or early maturing-as an adaptive action. Introduction of commercial crops was a common adaptation action, reflecting farmers' response to warming temperatures and changing economic opportunities, but greater sensitivity of the introduced crops may cause maladaptation. Despite intensification of cropping systems, households continue to maintain a median four potato varieties with different tolerance traits, yet this risk management practice was not perceived as adaptation. Strengthening resilience will require a combination of actions, including maintaining and expanding crop portfolios and restoring soil and ecosystem health, using both traditional and innovative approaches.

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“…Our analysis was modified from that of Kahiluoto et al (2014) and included five steps presented in Sections 2.1-2.5.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%