Cultivar-Specific Response of Soybean (Glycine max L.) to Ambient and Elevated Concentrations of Ozone Under Open Top Chambers

Abstract

Two cultivars of soybean (Pusa 9814 and Pusa 9712) were investigated to evaluate the impact of ambient and elevated concentrations of ozone (O 3 ) in a suburban site of India with and without application of 400 ppm ethylenediurea (EDU) in open top chambers having filtered air (FCs), non-filtered air (NFCs), and non-filtered plus 20 ppb O 3 (NFCs+20 ppb). Significant reductions were observed in various growth parameters, biomass accumulation, and yield attributes of soybean cultivars due to ambient O 3 in NFCs and elevated concentration of O 3 in NFCs+20 ppb. Reductions in all parameters were of lower magnitude in plants treated with EDU as compared to non-EDU treated plants. Yield (weight of seeds plant −1 ) increased by 29.8% and 33% in Pusa 9712 and by 28.2% and 29.0% in Pusa 9814 due to EDU treatment in plants grown at ambient and elevated levels of O 3 , respectively. The results clearly showed that (a) EDU can be effectively used to assess phytotoxicity of O 3 by providing protection against its deleterious effects, (b) EDU can be used for biomonitoring of O 3 in areas experiencing its higher concentrations, and (3) EDU is more effective against higher concentrations of O 3 .

Application of ethylene diurea (EDU) in assessing the response of a tropical soybean cultivar to ambient O3: Nitrogen metabolism, antioxidants, reproductive development and yield

“…In the present study, yield response in non EDU treated plants suggest that the increase in O 3 concentration during pod filling stage led to greater yield losses in soybean. The results are in agreement with previous studies showing beneficial effects of EDU on yield components of soybean plants (Singh and Agrawal, 2011;Feng et al, 2010;Paoletti et al, 2009). Increases in number of pods and weight of mature pods in EDU treated plants suggest higher seed carrying capacity compared to non EDU treatment.…”

“…Increase in weight of seeds plant À 1 in EDU treated plants, can be related to increase in number of seeds and also to increase in supply of assimilates to seeds. Singh and Agrawal (2011) reported increases of 29.8% and 28.2% in weight of seeds of soybean cultivars Pusa 9712 and Pusa 9814 treated at 400 ppm EDU treatment at 50.2 ppb O 3 concentration. The reduction in yield during the present study was 26.6% at a mean O 3 concentration of 42 ppb with 300 ppm EDU suggesting more or less similar magnitude of sensitivity with other tropical soybean cultivars that have been assessed previously.…”

“…Emberson et al (2009) reported that Asian cultivars of rice and wheat are more sensitive to O 3 compared to North American cultivars. Studies related to response of soybean cultivars under ambient and elevated levels of O 3 mainly concentrated on growth and yield parameters in the Asian region (Wahid et al, 2001, Singh et al, 2010Singh and Agrawal, 2011). No study has attempted to evaluate the response of soybean cultivars growing at ambient O 3 concentration using EDU as a tool with respect to changes in antioxidant defense and nitrogen metabolism enzymes affecting the plant performance at different developmental stages and reproductive output.…”

Closing the global ozone yield gap: Quantification and cobenefits for multistress tolerance

“…Further support for the potential benefits of selecting tolerant varieties is also provided by comparisons of yield in filtered air vs. nonfiltered air (Osborne et al, 2016;Pleijel et al, 2018). For example, in recent studies, reductions in ambient ozone concentration by filtration significantly increased the yield of ozonesensitive soybean cultivars (PUSA 9712, PUSA 9814) by over 40% (Singh & Agrawal, 2011), rice cultivar Kirara 397 by over 20% (Frei et al, 2012) and wheat cv PBW 343 by 18%-20% (Tomer et al, 2015).…”