Cultivar Diversity of Grape Skin Polyphenol Composition and Changes in Response to Drought Investigated by LC-MS Based Metabolomics

Abstract

Phenolic compounds represent a large family of plant secondary metabolites, essential for the quality of grape and wine and playing a major role in plant defense against biotic and abiotic stresses. Phenolic composition is genetically driven and greatly affected by environmental factors, including water stress. A major challenge for breeding of grapevine cultivars adapted to climate change and with high potential for wine-making is to dissect the complex plant metabolic response involved in adaptation mechanisms. A targeted metabolomics approach based on ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS) analysis in the Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) mode has been developed for high throughput profiling of the phenolic composition of grape skins. This method enables rapid, selective, and sensitive quantification of 96 phenolic compounds (anthocyanins, phenolic acids, stilbenoids, flavonols, dihydroflavonols, flavan-3-ol monomers, and oligomers…), and of the constitutive units of proanthocyanidins (i.e., condensed tannins), giving access to detailed polyphenol composition. It was applied on the skins of mature grape berries from a core-collection of 279 Vitis vinifera cultivars grown with or without watering to assess the genetic variation for polyphenol composition and its modulation by irrigation, in two successive vintages (2014)(2015). Distribution of berry weights and δ 13 C values showed that non irrigated vines were subjected to a marked water stress in 2014 and to a very limited one in 2015. Metabolomics analysis of the polyphenol composition and chemometrics analysis of this data demonstrated an influence of water stress on the biosynthesis of different polyphenol classes and cultivar differences in metabolic response to water deficit. Correlation networks gave insight on the relationships between Pinasseau et al.Grapevine Polyphenols Response to Drought the different polyphenol metabolites and related biosynthetic pathways. They also established patterns of polyphenol response to drought, with different molecular families affected either positively or negatively in the different cultivars, with potential impact on grape and wine quality.

Application of multivariate statistical techniques to assess the phenolic compounds and the in vitro antioxidant activity of commercial grape cultivars

“…Sartor et al also explained 64.07% data variability for PC1 and PC2 in Italian grapes ( V. vinifera L.) cultivated in Campos Novos, Southern Brazil. Pinasseau et al analyzed the phenolic composition and genetic diversity of grapevines from France and observed the variations in the phenolic and antioxidant composition of grape cultivars. Burin et al determined phenolic compounds of the grapes evaluated might be dependent on the cultivar.…”

“…Samples were injected into the column by using the Partial Loop with Needle Overfill injection mode with an injection volume of 10 μL. For analysis of polyphenol composition, isocratic conditions were followed and standards used according to Pinasseau et al The UV detection wavelength was set at 280 nm with data acquisition software. Agilent MassHunter Qualitative Analysis and Quantitative TOF Analysis software were used for chromatographic data gathering and integration of chromatograms.…”

Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Foods and Derived Products Containing Ellagitannins and Anthocyanins on Cardiometabolic Biomarkers: Analysis of Factors Influencing Variability of the Individual Responses

“…In particular, berries, red grapes and red wine are important sources of ANCs [6,7]. The main ANCs present in our diet are cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, pelargonidin, peonidin, and petunidin [8,9].…”

Single and cumulative effects of whole-vine heat events on Shiraz berry composition

“…The extraction protocol was adapted from Pinasseau et al (2017). Freeze-dried skin samples of 14 mg and seed samples of 10 mg were used for extraction.…”

“…For the polyphenol analyses, the flow rate was 0.34 mL/min. The gradient was as per Pinasseau et al (2017) with an additional 2 min of equilibration at the end of the run. Samples, after véraison (F+76 onwards), of 2 μL were injected.…”