Cues to deception.

DePaulo, Bella M.; Lindsay, Jim; Malone, Brian E.; Muhlenbruck, Laura; Charlton, Kelly; Cooper, Harris

doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.1.74

Cited by 2,016 publications

(2,748 citation statements)

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“…Nevertheless, just the opposite appears to be true which, yet again, points to the psychological and cognitive complexity of constructing high-stakes lies [31,10]. Additionally, less variables were used by non-suicidal writers, which is congruent with Zhou et al [32] and Zhou et al's [33] argument that deceptive accounts are less diverse in content.…”

Section: Themes In Genuine and Simulated Suicide Notesmentioning

confidence: 80%

Genuine and simulated suicide notes: An analysis of content

Ιωάννου

Debowska

2014

Forensic Science International

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The present study examined genuine and simulated suicide notes aiming to identify the measures of content that best differentiate between the two. Thirty-three genuine and thirty-three simulated suicide notes were content-analysed and data subjected to Smallest Space Analysis (SSA), a Multidimensional Scaling Procedure. The core of all suicide notes was discovered to be constructed with the use of three variables: expressions of love, positive construction of partner and apologies. Furthermore, four different genuine suicide note themes ('planned escape', 'negative affect and self-mitigation', 'positive affect and failed relationship', 'lack of selfacceptance') and three simulated suicide note themes ('escape', 'positive affect and self-blame', 'purposeless life') were identified revealing that authentic suicide note themes were more internally consistent and clearer to interpret.Keywords: suicide; suicide notes; genuine suicide notes; simulated suicide notes; MDS analysis 2 Suicide note writing has an important social dimension [1]. Suicide notes are a window to the manner in which suicides construct themselves, others and their surrounding reality and consequently -to the reasons of death. This is reflected in a study [2] inquiring into the discursive self-presentation of suicidal individuals in online interactions. The researchers reveal how their subjects' ability to think prospectively is disturbed. Suicides may be motivated to leave a note in order to have their needs understood by others as suicide notes are always aimed at audience and hence they create a social act -they transport meanings and construct suicide's reality. As [3] report, suicide notes constitute a peculiar self-continuation and enable the deceased to exert some influence even after death. Even more, they hold the power to connect the writers to their close ones. It, therefore, seems important to study the content of suicide notes in order to understand suicidal individuals.

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Section: Themes In Genuine and Simulated Suicide Notesmentioning

confidence: 80%

Genuine and simulated suicide notes: An analysis of content

Ιωάννου

Debowska

2014

Forensic Science International

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“…Lying is common in everyday life and it seems only slightly more burdensome cognitively than telling the truth-people report that they do not spend much time planning lies and that they regard their everyday lies as of little consequence (DePaulo et al, 1996(DePaulo et al, , 2003.…”

Section: Controlled or Automatic Process?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitive questions in surveys.

Tourangeau¹,

Yan²

2007

Psychological Bulletin

2,169

1,554

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Psychologists have worried about the distortions introduced into standardized personality measures by social desirability bias. Survey researchers have had similar concerns about the accuracy of survey reports about such topics as illicit drug use, abortion, and sexual behavior. The article reviews the research done by survey methodologists on reporting errors in surveys on sensitive topics, noting parallels and differences from the psychological literature on social desirability. The findings from the survey studies suggest that misreporting about sensitive topics is quite common and that it is largely situational. The extent of misreporting depends on whether the respondent has anything embarrassing to report and on design features of the survey. The survey evidence also indicates that misreporting on sensitive topics is a more or less motivated process in which respondents edit the information they report to avoid embarrassing themselves in the presence of an interviewer or to avoid repercussions from third parties.

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“…As noted above, behavioural indicator approaches typically yield low discrimination rates (Bond & de Paulo, 2006). However, there is some evidence that counts of illustrators (i.e., hand movements to indicate content or prosody) can provide reasonable levels of discrimination (de Paulo et al, 2003), but the range of practical contexts in which illustrators can be used is limited (e.g., real-time detection of differences in the use of illustrators is likely to prove impractical). According to Levine (2010), the slight but above significance rate of 54% successful detection arises, not because judges of deceptive behaviour have some degree of competence at identifying relevant behavioural indicators, but because there are generally a few deceivers in any study who are particularly poor at masking their lies.…”

Section: Approaches To Detecting Deceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finding a needle in a haystack: Toward a psychologically informed method for aviation security screening.

Ormerod¹,

Dando²

2015

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

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Current aviation security systems identify behavioral indicators of deception to assess risks to flights, but they lack a strong psychological basis or empirical validation. We present a new method that tests the veracity of passenger accounts. In an in vivo double-blind randomized-control trial conducted in international airports, security agents detected 66% of deceptive passengers using the veracity test method compared with less than 5% using behavioral indicator recognition. As well as revealing advantages of veracity testing over behavioral indicator identification, the study provides the highest levels to date of deception detection in a realistic setting where the known base rate of deceptive individuals is low.You have to measure whether what we're doing is the only way to assure . . . safety. And you also have to think are there ways . . . that are less intrusive (Barak Obama, Lisbon, November 2010).

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Cues to deception.

Cited by 2,016 publications

References 213 publications

Genuine and simulated suicide notes: An analysis of content

Genuine and simulated suicide notes: An analysis of content

Sensitive questions in surveys.

Finding a needle in a haystack: Toward a psychologically informed method for aviation security screening.

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