Cucurbit [8] uril-based supramolecular fluorescent biomaterials for cytotoxicity and imaging studies of kidney cells

Abstract

An accurate diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) at the early stage is critical to not only allow preventative treatments in time but also forecast probable medication toxicity for preventing AKI from starting and progressing to severe kidney damage and death. Therefore, supramolecular fluorescent biomaterials based on Q [8] and PEG-APTS have been prepared herein. This study has found that the unique properties of outer surface methine and the positive density of Q [8] can form a stable assembly with PEG-APTS, and has provided the possibility for the faster crossing of the glomerular filtration barrier to enter into the resident cells of the kidney. In addition to the excellent fluorescence properties, the as-synthesized biomaterial Q [8]@PEG-APTS has possessed significantly low biological toxicity. Most importantly, the accumulation of Q [8]@PEG-APTS in large amounts in cytoplasm and nucleus of HK2 and HMCs cells, respectively, within 24 h enabled distinguishing kidney cells when diagnosing and providing some foundation for early AKI.

Identifying and Mapping the Spatial Factors That Control Soil Erosion Changes in the Yellow River Basin of China

“…The annual average temperature ranges from −4 • C to 14 • C (http://www.yrcc.gov.cn/hhyl/hhgk/ (accessed on 20 September 2022)). The Yellow River Basin spans four landforms encompassing the Huanghuaihai Plain, the Loess Plateau, the Inner Mongolia Plateau, and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from east to west [39]. According to the hydrological and geographical characteristics of the study area, the entire basin is roughly composed of the upper, middle, and lower reaches (divided by the Toudaoguai and Huayuankou hydrological stations) with areas of 37.35 × 10 4 km 2 , 35.61 × 10 4 km 2 and 2.34 × 10 4 km 2 , respectively [38].…”

Cucurbit[8]uril-Based Supramolecular Probe for the Detection of 3-Nitrotyrosine in Human Serum and Plasma

“…These sensors offer notable benefits such as high sensitivity, excellent selectivity, rapid response, and ease of operation. , The sensors can be used to detect a variety of biomarkers, including ions, − small molecules, − and proteins, − enabling monitoring and diagnosis of biological processes and disease states. In recent years, there has been a significant research effort directed at the application of supramolecular chemistry in the production of fluorescent sensors for detecting markers of renal insufficiency. − These supramolecular fluorescent sensors have the ability to qualitatively or quantitatively assess the status of renal insufficiency by selectively recognizing and responding to specific markers associated with renal dysfunction. This recognition and response result in visible changes to the fluorescent signals.…”