Cucumber Mosaic Virus Infection Affects Sugar Transport in Melon Plants

Shalitin, Dror; Wolf, Shmuel

doi:10.1104/pp.123.2.597

Cited by 131 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Since the phloem is under pressure, it is reasonable to assume that sap bursts from both fascicular and extrafascicular sieve tubes before they have a chance to seal. Indeed, as reported previously by Shalitin and Wolf (2000) Webb and Gorham, 1964. There is also a small quantity of [ 14 C]hexose, but the absence of hexose in phloem sap obtained by aphid stylectomy in other families (Turgeon and Wolf, 2009) suggests that these 14 C-labeled monosaccharides are not mobile but derive instead from the hydrolysis of other sugars in companion cells, and perhaps other neighboring cell types, and are pulled into the phloem when the pressure is released.…”

Section: Origin Of the Exudatementioning

confidence: 58%

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The Origin and Composition of Cucurbit “Phloem” Exudate

Zhang

Ayre

et al. 2012

Plant Physiol.

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Cucurbits exude profusely when stems or petioles are cut. We conducted studies on pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus) to determine the origin and composition of the exudate. Morphometric analysis indicated that the exudate is too voluminous to derive exclusively from the phloem. Cold, which inhibits phloem transport, did not interfere with exudation. However, ice water applied to the roots, which reduces root pressure, rapidly diminished exudation rate. Sap was seen by microscopic examination to flow primarily from the fascicular phloem in cucumber, and several other cucurbit species, but primarily from the extrafascicular phloem in pumpkin. Following exposure of leaves to 14 CO 2 , radiolabeled stachyose and other sugars were detected in the exudate in proportions expected of authentic phloem sap. Most of this radiolabel was released during the first 20 s. Sugars in exudate were dilute. The sugar composition of exudate from extrafascicular phloem near the edge of the stem differed from that of other sources in that it was high in hexose and low in stachyose. We conclude that sap is released from cucurbit phloem upon wounding but contributes negligibly to total exudate volume. The sap is diluted by water from cut cells, the apoplast, and the xylem. Small amounts of dilute, mobile sap from sieve elements can be obtained, although there is evidence that it is contaminated by the contents of other cell types. The function of P-proteins may be to prevent water loss from the xylem as well as nutrient loss from the phloem.

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Section: Origin Of the Exudatementioning

confidence: 58%

“…3, C and D), as described by Shalitin and Wolf (2000). The concentration of radiolabel (dpm mL 21 ) in the sap declined rapidly over time.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Origin and Composition of Cucurbit “Phloem” Exudate

Zhang

Ayre

et al. 2012

Plant Physiol.

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“…In particular, effects on carbohydrate allocation have been associated with virus infections (Clark and Adams 1977;Maule at al. 2002) and some studies have shown that active infection sites can function as photosynthetic sinks (Herbers et al 2000;Shalitin and Wolf 2000;Tecsi et al 1996), in order to expand availability of resources for virus replication and movement.…”

Section: Effect Of Mycorrhiza On Viral Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Limits Foliar Transcriptional Responses to Viral Infection and Favors Long-Term Virus Accumulation

Miozzi¹,

Catoni²,

Fiorilli³

et al. 2011

MPMI

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Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) can establish symbiotic interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, and can be infected by several pathogenic viruses. Here, we investigated the impact of mycorrhization by the fungus Glomus mosseae on the Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) infection of tomato plants by transcriptomic and hormones level analyses. In TSWV-infected mycorrhizal plants, the AM fungus root colonization limited virus-induced changes in gene expression in the aerial parts. The virus-responsive upregulated genes, no longer induced in infected mycorrhizal plants, were mainly involved in defense responses and hormone signaling, while the virus-responsive downregulated genes, no longer repressed in mycorrhizal plants, were involved in primary metabolism. The presence of the AM fungus limits, in a salicylic acid-independent manner, the accumulation of abscissic acid observed in response to viral infection. At the time of the molecular analysis, no differences in virus concentration or symptom severity were detected between mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal plants. However, in a longer period, increase in virus titer and delay in the appearance of recovery were observed in mycorrhizal plants, thus indicating that the plant's reaction to TSWV infection is attenuated by mycorrhization.Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is the term used to describe the mutualistic association between most land plants and fungi from the phylum Glomeromycota (Parniske 2008). The ability to form this association is widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom, and involves most agricultural, horticultural, and hardwood species (Bonfante and Genre 2010). The symbiosis develops in roots where the fungus colonizes the cortex and obtains carbon from the plant while facilitating the transfer of mineral nutrients to the root cells, through differentiated, highly branched intracellular fungal structures called arbuscules (Bonfante and Anca 2009). The benefits of the AM symbiosis on plant fitness are well described, including a better mineral nutrition and increased ability to overcome biotic and abiotic stresses (Aroca et al. 2008;Gernns et al. 2001;Hildebrandt et al. 2007; Pozo and Azcòn-Aguilar 2007;Pozo et al. 2010;van der Heijden and Sanders 2002).The AM symbiosis can have important impacts on plant interactions with pathogens. Alleviation of damage caused by soilborne pathogens has been widely reported in mycorrhizal plants. Most studies deal with the reduction of incidence or severity of soilborne disease. mainly root rot or wilting caused by fungi such as Rhizoctonia, Fusarium, or Verticillium spp., and root rot caused by oomycetes, including Phytophthora, Pythium, and Alphanomyces spp. Experimental evidence also supports the hypothesis that AM symbiosis preconditions plant tissues for a more effective activation of defense responses against stress. This phenomenon, which is also induced in plants by necrotizing pathogens, plant-growth-promoting fungi and rhizobacteria, or treatment with various natural and synthetic compounds, is know...

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“…It has been revealed that different plant viruses affect photosynthesis (Balachandran et al 1997;Rahoutei et al 2000). There have been potyviral infection reports of photosynthetic rates influenced by concentrations of soluble sugars and increased respiration rates (Lohaus et al 2000;Shalitin and Wolf 2000). Ultrastructural effects include PVY necrotic strains-Solanaceous plant cell organelle interactions are very poor and reports have concentrated on documentation of potyvirus cytoplasmic inclusions, changes in size and numbers of organelles (especially chloroplast).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The participation of plant cell organelles in compatible and incompatible potato virus Y-tobacco and -potato plant interaction

Otulak

Garbaczewska

2013

Acta Physiol Plant

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Potyviruses replicate and express their genomes in the cytoplasm in closely related membranous structures such as the endoplasmic reticulum or in the vicinity of the ER. The present research demonstrates the participation of plant cell organelles based on ultrastructural examination of compatible and incompatible interactions in tobacco-and potato-potato virus Y (PVY) necrotic strains. In two interaction types, PVY N Wi and PVY NTN particles were documented inside cell nuclei. Virus cytoplasmic inclusions and particles were associated with nuclear envelope pore complexes. Moreover, the PVY capsid protein was immunolocalised in the cell nucleus and nucleolus. Our results for the first time show PVY particles and capsid proteins inside the mitochondrion in compatible interactions, whereas in hypersensitive responses these interactions were identified inside chloroplasts. The PVY particles attached to mitochondria caused association groups of these organelles. The ultrastructural analysis clearly demonstrated both the dynamics of the endoplasmatic reticulum in two types of PVY interactions and connections between PVY cytoplasmic inclusions and particles with its membranous structures. Moreover, we demonstrated strongly localised immunodetection of the PVY capsid protein on the surface and in the vicinity of ER in cases of hypersensitive response as well as in compatible interaction.

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Cucumber Mosaic Virus Infection Affects Sugar Transport in Melon Plants

Cited by 131 publications

References 22 publications

The Origin and Composition of Cucurbit “Phloem” Exudate

The Origin and Composition of Cucurbit “Phloem” Exudate

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Limits Foliar Transcriptional Responses to Viral Infection and Favors Long-Term Virus Accumulation

The participation of plant cell organelles in compatible and incompatible potato virus Y-tobacco and -potato plant interaction

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