Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus incidence in open‐field tomato in the Olympia area and trap captures of alate aphids*

Kyriakopoulou, P. E.; Perdikis, D.; Sclavounos, Athanassios; Girgis, S. M.; Lykouressis, D. P.; Tsitsipis, J. A.; Christakis, P. A.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2338.2000.tb00901.x

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…The means of resistance to CMV depends on the use of transgenic plants, resistant or tolerant varieties and cross-protection (Gallitelli, 2000). In 1998, one of the most severe CMV outbreaks in Greece occurred in field-grown tomatoes in GastouniOlympia, as well as in other regions of Greece (Kyriakopoulou et al, 2000b). Three serial local lesion passages on Chenopodium quinoa were employed for obtaining an isolate of the virus from a field-grown tomato plant from this outbreak.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Severe Hellenic CMV Tomato Isolate: Symptom Variability in Tobacco, Characterization and Discrimination of Variants

et al. 2006

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A severe strain of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) originating from an infected tomato plant (GastouniOlympia, Greece) was isolated in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi nc), after three serial local lesion passages in Chenopodium quinoa and designated CMV-G. CMV-G induces yellow mosaic (YM) symptoms in tobacco. When CMV-G was passed mechanically through C. quinoa, phenotypic variants inducing YM or green mild mosaic (MM) in tobacco were isolated. Aphid transmission, from different hosts, appears to be an effective approach for separating MM variants of CMV-G from YM variants. In particular, aphid transmission from zucchini proved to be very efficient in selecting for MM variants. In contrast, aphids transmitted only YM variants from tomato plants. Molecular characterization of CMV-G and its progeny resulted in their classification in the CMV subgroup IB, free of satellite RNA, being the first discovery of the subgroup IB in Greece. In the Solanaceae family (tobacco, tomato, pepper) YM variants induced more severe symptoms than the MM variants. YM and MM phenotype was stable in tobacco for all seven passages tried using the obtained YM and MM variants. Cross-protection experiments showed that an isolated MM variant was able to protect tobacco plants against a challenge infection by a YM variant.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Severe Hellenic CMV Tomato Isolate: Symptom Variability in Tobacco, Characterization and Discrimination of Variants

et al. 2006

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“…Most of the infected hosts develop systemic mosaic symptoms, more or less severe depending on the host genotype and the strain, as well as mosaics of light and dark green areas on the infected leaves [ 21 , 22 ]. CMV disease outbreaks in tomato, pepper, or cucurbits, crops with high commercial interest, usually result in great economic losses [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. The disease symptoms in tomato include leaf and plant shrinkage, upward leaf curling, vein purpling, chlorosis, pericarp hardening and discoloration, plant and fruit necrosis, and even plant death [ 20 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CMV disease outbreaks in tomato, pepper, or cucurbits, crops with high commercial interest, usually result in great economic losses [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. The disease symptoms in tomato include leaf and plant shrinkage, upward leaf curling, vein purpling, chlorosis, pericarp hardening and discoloration, plant and fruit necrosis, and even plant death [ 20 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 27 ]. The common symptoms of CMV on tobacco plants ( Nicotiana tabacum cv.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topical Application of Double-Stranded RNA Targeting 2b and CP Genes of Cucumber mosaic virus Protects Plants against Local and Systemic Viral Infection

Holeva

Sklavounos

Rajeswaran³

et al. 2021

Plants

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Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is a destructive plant virus with worldwide distribution and the broadest host range of any known plant virus, as well as a model plant virus for understanding plant–virus interactions. Since the discovery of RNA interference (RNAi) as a major antiviral defense, RNAi-based technologies have been developed for plant protection against viral diseases. In plants and animals, a key trigger of RNAi is double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) processed by Dicer and Dicer-like (DCL) family proteins in small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). In the present study, dsRNAs for coat protein (CP) and 2b genes of CMV were produced in vitro and in vivo and applied onto tobacco plants representing a systemic solanaceous host as well as on a local host plant Chenopodium quinoa. Both dsRNA treatments protected plants from local and systemic infection with CMV, but not against infection with unrelated viruses, confirming sequence specificity of antiviral RNAi. Antiviral RNAi was effective when dsRNAs were applied simultaneously with or four days prior to CMV inoculation, but not four days post inoculation. In vivo-produced dsRNAs were more effective than the in vitro-produced; in treatments with in vivo dsRNAs, dsRNA-CP was more effective than dsRNA-2b, while the effects were opposite with in vitro dsRNAs. Illumina sequencing of small RNAs from in vivo dsRNA-CP treated and non-treated tobacco plants revealed that interference with CMV infection in systemic leaves coincides with strongly reduced accumulation of virus-derived 21- and 22-nucleotide (nt) siRNAs, likely generated by tobacco DCL4 and DCL2, respectively. While the 21-nt class of viral siRNAs was predominant in non-treated plants, 21-nt and 22-nt classes accumulated at almost equal (but low) levels in dsRNA treated plants, suggesting that dsRNA treatment may boost DCL2 activity. Taken together, our findings confirm the efficacy of topical application of dsRNA for plant protection against viruses and shed more light on the mechanism of antiviral RNAi.

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“…Among the tomato viruses CMV is most destructive plant virus. Among the plant viruses it has broadest host range (Stevenson, 2004) and is serious pathogens for tomato cultivation in temperate climates (Kyriakopoulou et. al., 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of total proteins during stress alleviation in tomato infected with cucumber mosaic virus

Tariq

Sarwar

Haq

et al. 2016

Preprint

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Background: Phytoalexins are the secondary metabolites produced in crop plants after the attack of necrotizing pathogens. They are aimed to support homeostasis in stressed plants. Proteins are also part of this regime that is manipulated according to the type of infection or environmental stress. Chemical elicitors substitute the traditional fungicides and safe to use. They also modify protein levels due to their direct or indirect influence on the defense pathways. Methodology: An in vitro study was conducted on tomato seedlings inoculated with cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Plants were treated with salicylic acid and BTH at different intervals to find out the alterations in the total soluble proteins. Purpose of study was to investigate the variation in total proteins during the viral attack and role of elicitors in this case. Results: Results indicated that protein level was initially reduced (133.3 mg) in the inoculated plants prior to the application of elicitors. However, BTH alone or combined with SA significantly enhanced total soluble proteins (200.3 mg) in tomato leaves when applied on weekly intervals. Single application of Salicylic acid gave similar response as in case of non-inoculated plants, however weekly applied SA reduced the total proteins to much lower extent (83.6 mg) under the CMV stress. Discussion: Modification of total proteins in a single tomato cultivar along with homogenous environmental factors indicates the active role of chemical elicitors in the defense pathways. BTH is a structural homologue to SA but expressed a remarkable functional contrast under viral attack particularly in solanaceous crops. This novelty in plant science is worthy of discussion.

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Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus incidence in open‐field tomato in the Olympia area and trap captures of alate aphids*

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

A Severe Hellenic CMV Tomato Isolate: Symptom Variability in Tobacco, Characterization and Discrimination of Variants

A Severe Hellenic CMV Tomato Isolate: Symptom Variability in Tobacco, Characterization and Discrimination of Variants

Topical Application of Double-Stranded RNA Targeting 2b and CP Genes of Cucumber mosaic virus Protects Plants against Local and Systemic Viral Infection

Dynamics of total proteins during stress alleviation in tomato infected with cucumber mosaic virus

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