“…This lean philosophy has a long history. Indeed, the idea that productive work requires a workspace clear of any interference was first formally implemented by Josiah Wedgwood in the 18th century (Dolan, 2004) and centuries later inspired Frederick Taylor (1911) to apply his principles of scientific management to the organization of office space (e.g., Crompton & Jones, 1984;Haslam & Knight, 2010, for a review). During the mid-20th century, these manufacturing methods were also applied to white-collar work (Haberkorn, 2005;Hyer & Wemmerlov, 2002) and it is from this approach that the term the "lean office" emerged as a discrete concept in the 1990s (e.g., Hirano, 1996).…”