CubeSat Communications: Recent Advances and Future Challenges

Abstract

The research in the emerging space industry is becoming more and more attractive, given the increasing number of space-related applications. One primary entity of current space research is the design of miniaturized satellites, known as CubeSats, due to their numerous applications and low design and deployment cost. The new paradigm of connected space through CubeSats enables a wide range of applications such as Earth remote sensing, space exploration, and rural connectivity. CubeSats further provide a complimentary connectivity solution to the pervasive Internet of things (IoT) networks, leading to a globally connected cyber-physical system. This paper presents a holistic overview of different aspects of CubeSat missions, and provides a thorough review on the topic, both from academic and industrial perspectives. We further present the recent advances in the area of CubeSats communications with an emphasis on constellation and coverage issues, channel modeling, modulation and coding, and networking. The paper finally identifies several future research directions on CubeSats communications, namely Internet of space things, low power long range networks, machine learning for resource allocation in CubeSats, etc.

Fourier Behind Entanglement: A Spectral Approach to the Quantum Internet

“…Moreover, the conclusions drawn from this study will be fundamental in alternative areas of quantum communications outside of the quantum Internet, such as space quantum communications or free space optical communications. [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41] The outline of the paper is as follows: In Section 2, the bridge between entanglement and QFT is introduced; Section 3 describes the main three applications of entanglement present in the quantum Internet expressed via QFT, while in Section 4 all applications described in the previous sections are implemented on a 5-qubit IBM Q platform. [31] Finally, the conclusions are presented in Section 5.…”

“…Using a simplified version of the quantum repeater protocol in Figure 10c, where Figure 17 shows us its probabilities, we have: P 0 = 77.336 %, and P 1 = 22.664%, where the percentage errors are The weighted percentage error will be, 𝜀 = Δ 0 % = 8.0193% (34) As in the previous case in relation to the quantum teleportation protocol, the increase in the percentage error of (Equation 34) with respect to that of (Equation 32) is due to the considerable increase in the number of gates used in the configuration of Figure 10c with respect to that of Figure 9c. However, the result has an outstanding performance.…”

A review: Performance of multibeam dual parabolic cylindrical reflector antennas in LEO satellites

“…The satellite number of a LEO satellite constellation would be tens of thousands to realize fully global coverage [5]- [8]. Many mega-constellations are already operating, such as Starlink from SpaceX, Kuiper from Amazon, One WEB, and CubeSat [9]- [10]. This imposes a big challenge on terminals and ground stations for satellite management.…”