“…Food and agricultural imports increased to an estimated $1.8 billion in 2016, representing 17.3% of total merchandise imports (ONEI, 2017). Cuba imports 64% of the rice, 52% of the beans, 68% of the corn, 100% of the wheat flour, and 100% of the vegetable oils consumed by its population, highlighting its relativelyhigh levels of external sector dependency, and its inability 11 Between 2002 and 2007, the amount of idle land in Cuba increased by 32.7%, from 929,200 ha to 1,232,800 ha; according to Riera and Swinnen (2016), the need to reduce the amount of idle state-owned land to increase production, substitute imports, and improve food security was one of the principal objectives of the agricultural reforms implemented in Cuba since 2007. to substitute essential food and agricultural imports (Nova González, 2018). The mixed results of the agricultural reforms implemented in Cuba since 2007, and the agricultural sector's inability to satisfy domestic demand, generate substantial export earnings, and reduce the country's dependency on imports can be attributed to several factors.…”