Cu nanoparticles immobilized on modified magnetic zeolite for the synthesis of 1,2,3‐triazoles under ultrasonic conditions

Abstract

Magnetically recoverable copper nanoparticle‐loaded natural zeolite (CuNPs/MZN) as an efficient catalyst was synthesized. The Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were immobilized into the pores of natural clinoptilolite zeolite, which were modified with epichlorohydrine and ethylenediamine species and then CuNPs were decorated on the surface of functionalized zeolite (CuNPs/MZN). The catalysts were successfully characterized by Fourier transform‐infrared, CHN, thermogravimetric analysis, inductively coupled plasma, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The 1,2,3‐triazoles were readily synthesized through using the catalyst in high yields and short reaction times under ultrasonic conditions via CuAAC reactions of aryl azides and terminal alkynes. The CuNPs/MZN was easily separated from the reaction mixture by an external magnet and reused several times successfully. The catalyst could be used for the synthesis of various organic compounds.

1,2,3- Triazoles: general and key synthetic strategies

“…[187][188][189][190][191][192] Supported NPs offer several advantages over the use of unsupported NPs, such as better control of metal dispersion and particle morphology, inhibition of particle aggregation, and generally better reuse of the catalytic system. Given these attributes, different supported and recyclable CuNPs were employed in CuAAC reactions, among the supports employed are alumina, 193 aluminum oxyhydroxide, 194 montmorillonite, 195 MOF, [196][197][198] Cellulose, 199 SBA-15, 200 Zeolite, 201 and more recently graphene oxide. 202 In a study published in 2019 by Gholinejad et al 203 clinochlore was first reported as a very inexpensive and available support for the stabilization of copper nanoparticles and their application as a recyclable catalyst for the formation of 1H-1,2,3-triazoles at room temperature and in aqueous medium.…”

Solvent‐free synthesis of propargylamines catalyzed by an efficient recyclable ZnO‐supported CuO/Al2O3 nanocatalyst

“…According to previous reports, various metal‐based catalysts, including Ag, Fe, Li, Ni, Pd, In and Au, have been reported for the synthesis of propargylamines . In this view, copper and zinc catalysts are the most important for the synthesis of propargylamine derivatives, and good results have been achieved in the presence of these catalysts …”

A sustainable approach for efficient one‐pot synthesis of 1‐aryl 1,2,3‐triazoles using copper iodide supported on 3‐thionicotinyl‐urea‐modified magnetic nanoparticles in DES

“…[ 21 ] Among them, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have received a remarkable attention for use in catalytic reactions, because of their high catalytic activity and easy separation. [ 22 ] Recently, various heterogeneous copper catalytic systems for the synthesis of 1,4‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazoles from unstable aryl azides and terminal alkynes have been reported, [ 19,23 ] whereas there have been few reports on one‐pot multicomponent synthesis of 1,2,3‐triazoles from sodium azide, alkynes, and aryl halides as the azide precursors, which most of them have used homogeneous copper catalysts. [ 24 ] Therefore, it might be desirable to develop new methods for the regioselective synthesis of triazoles using effective and recyclable catalytic systems.…”