CT in the Evaluation of the Upper Airway in Healthy Subjects and in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

Caballero, Paloma; Álvarez-Sala, R; García‐Río, Francisco; Prados, Concepción; Hernán, Miguel A.; Villamor, J.; Álvarez-Sala, José Luis

doi:10.1378/chest.113.1.111

Cited by 81 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Other studies have demonstrated a relationship between difficult airway and presence of abundant neck soft tissue in the pharynx, retropharynx, suprascapular region as measured from CT scans and MRI. 8,9 Neck ultrasound measurements are found to be as accurate as MRI for quantification of fat depth. 6 In patients with sleep apnoea, upper airway ultrasonography has been used to visualise approximation of the tongue base posteriorly and inferiorly towards the hypopharynx to cause airway obstruction.…”

Section: Predicting Difficult Intubationmentioning

confidence: 93%

Role of Ultrasound in Airway Assessment and Management

Kajekar¹,

Mendonca²,

Gaur³

2010

IJUTPC

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Ultrasound has gained widespread popularity in several aspects of perioperative and intensive care management. There is now growing evidence of it being a useful tool in the assessment and management of potentially difficult airway. With advances in technology and greater understanding of sonographic clinical anatomy, a greater insight into its uses has been gained. This article gives an overview of the possible clinical applications of ultrasound in day to day airway management in anaesthesia and intensive care.

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Section: Predicting Difficult Intubationmentioning

confidence: 93%

Role of Ultrasound in Airway Assessment and Management

Kajekar¹,

Mendonca²,

Gaur³

2010

IJUTPC

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“…CT scanning is used to investigate the changes in the shape of the pharyngeal wall in OSA patients during the breathing cycle ( Figure 3.11). CT has been shown to give accurate measurements of the upper airways using axial image slices at multiple points along the airway [15]. Cine-CT is used to display various slices simultaneously, as a volume, and also at various stages of the breathing cycle [75].…”

Section: Computed Tomographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CT scans may be used to evaluate OSAS in patients. They have also been used to compare upper airways of OSAS subjects with healthy ones [15]. The change in shape of the airways during respiration does cause some problems in obtaining accurate results from scans.…”

Section: Computed Tomographymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The biomechanics of the human tongue

Kajee

Pelteret

Reddy

2013

Numer Methods Biomed Eng

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AcknowledgementsI would like express my gratitude to the following people for their assistance, leading to the successful completion of this work:The invaluable guidance provided by Prof. B. D. Reddy was integral to completing this project.It was an honour and a privilege to have worked with someone with such vast experience, knowledge and wisdom. Throughout my time at Cerecam, he has shown great patience and understanding.Dr. Andrew T. McBride assisted in times of difficulty, even during the most demanding times of his own PhD studies. His generosity, kindness, and outstanding work ethics have been an inspiration.Jean-Paul Pelteret is the person I worked with the most during this project. Without his invaluable assistance, this project could be likened to a Sisyphean task.It was an honour to have worked amongst such an esteemed group of academics at Cerecam. Many lunch hours and tea-breaks discussing everyday issues in a friendly atmosphere has proven fruitful. The geometry of the tongue, and each muscle group of the tongue, are visually identified, and its geometry captured using Mimics [100]. Various image processing tools available in Mimics, such as image segmentation, region-growing and volume generation were used to form the three-dimensional model of the tongue geometry. Muscle fibre orientations were extracted from the same dataset, also using Mimics.The muscle model presented here is based on Hill's three-element model for representation of the constituent parts of muscle fibres. This Hill-type muscle model also draws from recent work in muscle modelling, by Martins [88]. The model is implemented in an Abaqus user element (UEL) subroutine [24]. The transversely isotropic behaviour of the muscle tissue is accounted for, as well as the influence of muscle activation.The mechanics of the model is limited to static, small-strain, anisotropic, linear-elastic behaviour, and the governing equations are suitably linearized. The body position of the patient during an apneic episode is accounted for in the simulations, as well as the effect of gravity. The focus of this study is on tongue muscle behaviour under gravitational loading, simulating a simplified OSA event.Future models will incorporate airway pressure as well. The behaviour of the model is illustrated in a number of benchmark tests, and computational examples.iii

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“…Although, night polysomnography (PSG) recording has been regarded as the gold standard (2) for the diagnosis of OSAS, computed tomography (CT) was proven to demonstrate nasopharenx pathologies (1,(3)(4)(5)(6)(7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paranasal Sinus Computed Tomography Volumetric Findings of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

Orman¹,

Huseyinoglu

Duymuş

2016

Electron J Gen Med

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Background:Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a disorder characterized by repetitive episodes of complete or partial airway obstruction due to pharyngeal collapse during sleep. The pathogenesis of OSAS is still not clear, although studies showing that OSAS is caused mainly by upper respiratory tract stenosis mainly at nasopharynx. The purpose of this study is to show the paranasal sinus (PNS) pathologies and nasal cavity volume, nasopharynx volume and adenoid diameters of OSAS patients, and correlate the multi detector computed tomography (MDCT) findings with severity of the disease. Methods: A total of 48 (34 male and 14 female) OSAS patients were evaluated retrospectively between November 2011 and July 2012. Polysomnography and MDCT was performed to all patients. Results: Mean age of the patients were 45.46±8.82 years. The body mass index grades were normal weight in 5 (10.4%), overweight in 13 (27.1%), obese in 30 (62.5%) patients. The OSAS were graded as mild (5 patients, 10.4%), moderate (16 patients, 33.3%) and severe (27 patients, 56.3%) according to their polysomnography findings. The correlation between OSAS grades and radiological measurements were low. There was no difference between gender regardless from the OSAS grades (p≥0.05). Conclusion: OSAS patients have nasal septal spur formation and septal deviation which may aggravate their syndrome. PNS MDCT is important to demonstrate these disorders. Further studies comparing patients and controls may show 3D volumetric changes of the PNS region.

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CT in the Evaluation of the Upper Airway in Healthy Subjects and in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

Cited by 81 publications

References 17 publications

Role of Ultrasound in Airway Assessment and Management

Role of Ultrasound in Airway Assessment and Management

The biomechanics of the human tongue

Paranasal Sinus Computed Tomography Volumetric Findings of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

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