CT-Guided Pelvic Lymph Nodal Brachytherapy

Kunogi, Hiroaki; Hsu, I‐Chow; Yamaguchi, Natsu; Kusunoki, Soshi; Nakagawa, Keiko; Sugimori, Yayoi; Fujino, Keiji; Terao, Yasuhisa; Ogishima, Daiki; Yoshimura, Ryoichi; Sasai, Keisuke

doi:10.3389/fonc.2020.532555

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…CT has the advantage of superior visualization compared with US. Kunogi et al reported that with CT-guided needle insertion, it is even possible to treat iliac lymph nodes (18). However, US has an advantage of real-time image acquisition without exposing radiation to patients and physicians.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Dose-Rate Interstitial Brachytherapy for Deeply Situated Gynecologic Tumors Guided by Combination of Transrectal and Transabdominal Ultrasonography: A Technical Note

et al. 2022

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Background and PurposeHigh-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy (HDR-ISBT) is recommended to obtain a better local tumor control for uterine cancer patients in specific situations such as bulky lesions, an extension to the lateral parametrium, or tumors with irregular shapes. Our group uses real-time transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) to guide freehand interstitial needle insertion. Occasionally, target tumors locate deeper beyond the rectum and cannot be visualized by TRUS. CT can guide needles to deeply located tumors, but in such cases, repeated image obtainment is required to achieve ideal needle localization. In this report, we present nine cases of patients who underwent HDR-ISBT for deeply situated tumors guided by a combination of transrectal and transabdominal ultrasonography (TR/TA-US).Material and MethodsNine uterine cancer patients whose tumors were located deeper than the reach of TRUS and underwent HDR-ISBT guided by TR/TA-US were presented. All nine cases had no distal organ metastasis and underwent external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) to the pelvic region for 45–50.4 Gy in 25–28 fractions followed by boost HDR-ISBT for deeply situated tumors guided by TR/TA-US.ResultsThere were seven cervical cancer and two endometrial cancer patients: six with extensive uterine corpus invasion, one cervical cancer with massive pelvic lymph node metastasis, one cervical cancer with postoperative pelvic recurrence, and one with left ovarian direct tumor invasion. The median follow-up period was 15 months (range 3–28 months). The average clinical target volume at the time of first HDR-ISBT was 131 ml (range 44–335 ml). The linear distance from the vaginal entrance to the deepest part of the tumor at first time brachytherapy of nine cases was 14.0 (9.0–17.0) cm. HDR-ISBT dose fractionation was 24–30 Gy in four or five fractions. Seven out of nine cases had no local recurrence in the follow-up period. One had local in-field recurrence 25 months after HDR-ISBT. Another case with carcinosarcoma could not obtain local control and underwent salvage hysterectomy for a residual uterine tumor 11 months after HDR-ISBT. Four cases had extra-field recurrence in lymph nodes or distant organs.ConclusionsIn brachytherapy for gynecologic malignancies, deeply situated tumors located out of reach of TRUS may obtain favorable local control by HDR-ISBT guided with TR/TA-US.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Dose-Rate Interstitial Brachytherapy for Deeply Situated Gynecologic Tumors Guided by Combination of Transrectal and Transabdominal Ultrasonography: A Technical Note

et al. 2022

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“…Roddiger et al reported on 53 patients treated with HDR ISBT as neoadjuvant radiotherapy [7]. However, little is known about the clinical value of computed tomography (CT)-guided breast ISBT, especially for breast cancer patients with unresectable bulky tumors, even though CT-guided ISBT is a safe and feasible treatment approach for many cancer types [8][9][10]. Here, we describe the technique of CT-guided HDR ISBT and the efficacy of ISBT plus EBRT with hormonal therapy as a therapeutic option in patients with unresectable chest wall recurrence of breast cancer.…”

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confidence: 99%

Unresectable bulky chest wall recurrent breast cancer controlled with CT-guided interstitial high-dose-rate brachytherapy and external beam radiotherapy with adjuvant hormonal therapy – case report

Kunogi¹,

Hsu²,

Sasai³

2021

jcb

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Purpose: Bulky chest wall recurrence after mastectomy presents a therapeutic challenge because of high-dose of radiation required to control the disease, and its proximity to low-tolerance organs at risk. We report a case of successful computed tomography (CT)-guided high-dose-rate (HDR) salvage interstitial brachytherapy (ISBT) boost.Material and methods: A 70-year-old female initially presented with a tumor in right breast, and was treated with mastectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy, followed by hormonal therapy for 5 years without adjuvant radiotherapy. In 2018, 20 years after the initial treatment, she developed unresectable chest wall recurrence that measured 10.5 cm × 7.3 cm × 4.5 cm, with bone and parietal pleura invasion. Biopsy revealed invasive pleomorphic lobular carcinoma [estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, progesterone receptor (PR)-negative, HER2-negative]. There was no evidence of metastatic disease.Results: The patient underwent external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) plus ISBT. After EBRT of 50 Gy in 25 fractions was completed, CT-guided ISBT was performed as an outpatient treatment. HDR dose was 16 Gy delivered in 2 fractions with 2 implants. Dose was prescribed to gross tumor volume. ISBT plans were created using inverse planning simulated annealing (IPSA) algorithm. Gross tumor volume D 90% plus EBRT dose was 82 Gy equivalent dose of 2 Gy (EQD 2 ), assuming α/β of 4 for breast carcinoma. The patient continued on hormonal therapy. At the 30-month follow-up, the patient remains in remission. The tumor could not be detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or positron emission tomography (PET). There were no severe treatment-related complications.Conclusions: CT-guided HDR ISBT boost can be a useful modality in individualizing treatment strategies for breast cancer patients with unresectable bulky chest wall recurrence.

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Biological Adaptations of Tumor Cells to Radiation Therapy

Carlos‐Reyes¹,

Muñiz-Lino

Romero-García³

et al. 2021

Front. Oncol.

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Radiation therapy has been used worldwide for many decades as a therapeutic regimen for the treatment of different types of cancer. Just over 50% of cancer patients are treated with radiotherapy alone or with other types of antitumor therapy. Radiation can induce different types of cell damage: directly, it can induce DNA single- and double-strand breaks; indirectly, it can induce the formation of free radicals, which can interact with different components of cells, including the genome, promoting structural alterations. During treatment, radiosensitive tumor cells decrease their rate of cell proliferation through cell cycle arrest stimulated by DNA damage. Then, DNA repair mechanisms are turned on to alleviate the damage, but cell death mechanisms are activated if damage persists and cannot be repaired. Interestingly, some cells can evade apoptosis because genome damage triggers the cellular overactivation of some DNA repair pathways. Additionally, some surviving cells exposed to radiation may have alterations in the expression of tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes, enhancing different hallmarks of cancer, such as migration, invasion, and metastasis. The activation of these genetic pathways and other epigenetic and structural cellular changes in the irradiated cells and extracellular factors, such as the tumor microenvironment, is crucial in developing tumor radioresistance. The tumor microenvironment is largely responsible for the poor efficacy of antitumor therapy, tumor relapse, and poor prognosis observed in some patients. In this review, we describe strategies that tumor cells use to respond to radiation stress, adapt, and proliferate after radiotherapy, promoting the appearance of tumor radioresistance. Also, we discuss the clinical impact of radioresistance in patient outcomes. Knowledge of such cellular strategies could help the development of new clinical interventions, increasing the radiosensitization of tumor cells, improving the effectiveness of these therapies, and increasing the survival of patients.

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CT-Guided Pelvic Lymph Nodal Brachytherapy

Cited by 3 publications

References 25 publications

High-Dose-Rate Interstitial Brachytherapy for Deeply Situated Gynecologic Tumors Guided by Combination of Transrectal and Transabdominal Ultrasonography: A Technical Note

High-Dose-Rate Interstitial Brachytherapy for Deeply Situated Gynecologic Tumors Guided by Combination of Transrectal and Transabdominal Ultrasonography: A Technical Note

Unresectable bulky chest wall recurrent breast cancer controlled with CT-guided interstitial high-dose-rate brachytherapy and external beam radiotherapy with adjuvant hormonal therapy – case report

Biological Adaptations of Tumor Cells to Radiation Therapy

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