CT Findings of Varicella Pneumonia After Lung Transplantation

Maher, Toby M.; Gupta, Neil; Burke, Margaret; Carby, Martin

doi:10.2214/ajr.05.0850

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The HRCT findings of varicella pneumonia have been previously reported (1,2), including small, well-defined and ill-defined nodules, centrilobular nodules, nodules with surrounding GGA, patchy GGA and coalescence of nodules. All of these HRCT findings were observed in the present case; therefore, the patient is an example of a typical patient with varicella pneumonia.…”

mentioning

confidence: 74%

Adult Primary Varicella Pneumonia: High-resolution Computed Tomography Findings

Taga

Nakamura

Makita³

et al. 2014

Intern. Med.

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A 73-year-old woman was hospitalized for the treatment of anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. She complained of itchiness with a rash on her trunk and was diagnosed with chickenpox. Although she had no respiratory symptoms, chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) performed on the same day showed multiple nodules with surrounding ground-glass attenuation (GGA) and consolidation (Picture). Bronchoscopy was performed to diagnose the lung involvement. The histopathological features of the specimens obtained via a transbronchial lung biopsy were nonspecific. An examination of the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid demonstrated a total cell count of 229/μL, with the differential count showing 52% lymphocytes, 2% neutrophils, 1% eosinophils and 45% alveolar macrophages, while the ratio of CD4/8 was 1.75. Varicella-zoster viral DNA was detected in the BAL fluid (90×10 6 copy/mL), although no findings caused by other lung diseases were found. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed with primary varicella pneumonia.

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mentioning

confidence: 74%

Adult Primary Varicella Pneumonia: High-resolution Computed Tomography Findings

Taga

Nakamura

Makita³

et al. 2014

Intern. Med.

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“…Although uncommon, lymphadenopathy may be seen [53]. Maher et al [54] found mediastinal lymphadenopathy in a patient with this type of pneumonia after lung transplantation. Hilar lymphadenopathy ewhich subsided as the pulmonary infection resolved ehas also been reported [55].…”

Section: Viral Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Thoracic lymphadenopathy in benign diseases: A state of the art review

Nin

Souza

Amaral

et al. 2016

Respiratory Medicine

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Lymphadenopathy is a common radiological finding in many thoracic diseases and may be caused by a variety of infectious, inflammatory, and neoplastic conditions. This review aims to describe the patterns of mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy found in benign diseases in immunocompetent patients. Computed tomography is the method of choice for the evaluation of lymphadenopathy, as it is able to demonstrate increased size of individual nodes, abnormalities of the interface between the mediastinum and lung, invasion of surrounding fat, coalescence of adjacent nodes, obliteration of the mediastinal fat, and hypo- and hyperdensity in lymph nodes. Intravenous contrast enhancement may be needed to help distinguish nodes from vessels. The most frequent infections resulting in this finding are tuberculosis and fungal disease (particularly histoplasmosis and coccidioidomycosis). Sarcoidosis is a relatively frequent cause of lymphadenopathy in young adults, and can be distinguished from other diseases - especially when enlarged lymph nodes are found to be multiple and symmetrical. Other conditions discussed in this review are silicosis, drug reactions, amyloidosis, heart failure, Castleman's disease, viral infections, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

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“…These small calcified nodules also can be seen in patients with other diseases such as pulmonary tuberculosis or pneumoconiosis, but in patients with varicella infections, these calcifications are usually tiny (2-3 mm), numerous, well defined, and randomly distributed rather than centrilobular or show perilymphatic distribution in otherwise normal lungs without definite fibrotic changes or other parenchymal abnormalities. In patients undergoing lung transplantation, mediastinal lymphadenopathy and interlobular septal thickening have been reported (26). These findings also disappear with healing of the skin lesions after antiviral therapy (24).…”

Section: Varicellovirus (α Herpesvirinae)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiographic and CT Features of Viral Pneumonia

et al. 2018

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Viruses are the most common causes of respiratory infection. The imaging findings of viral pneumonia are diverse and overlap with those of other nonviral infectious and inflammatory conditions. However, identification of the underlying viral pathogens may not always be easy. There are a number of indicators for identifying viral pathogens on the basis of imaging patterns, which are associated with the pathogenesis of viral infections. Viruses in the same viral family share a similar pathogenesis of pneumonia, and the imaging patterns have distinguishable characteristics. Although not all cases manifest with typical patterns, most typical imaging patterns of viral pneumonia can be classified according to viral families. Although a definite diagnosis cannot be achieved on the basis of imaging features alone, recognition of viral pneumonia patterns may aid in differentiating viral pathogens, thus reducing the use of antibiotics. Recently, new viruses associated with recent outbreaks including human metapneumovirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus have been discovered. The imaging findings of these emerging pathogens have been described in a few recent studies. This review focuses on the radiographic and computed tomographic patterns of viral pneumonia caused by different pathogens, including new pathogens. Clinical characteristics that could affect imaging, such as patient age and immune status, seasonal variation and community outbreaks, and pathogenesis, are also discussed. The first goal of this review is to indicate that there are imaging features that should raise the possibility of viral infections. Second, to help radiologists differentiate viral infections, viruses in the same viridae that have similar pathogenesis and can have similar imaging characteristics are shown. By considering both the clinical and radiologic characteristics, radiologists can suggest the diagnosis of viral pneumonia. RSNA, 2018.

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CT Findings of Varicella Pneumonia After Lung Transplantation

Cited by 13 publications

References 5 publications

Adult Primary Varicella Pneumonia: High-resolution Computed Tomography Findings

Adult Primary Varicella Pneumonia: High-resolution Computed Tomography Findings

Thoracic lymphadenopathy in benign diseases: A state of the art review

Radiographic and CT Features of Viral Pneumonia

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