CT diagnosis of uterine leiomyosarcoma: a case report

Abstract

Background: A uterine leiomyosarcoma is a relatively rare malignant tumor of the uterus with a high degree of malignancy that is prone to distant metastasis and recurrence in the early stages, and therefore has a poor prognosis. Plain and enhanced CT scans are important for the early diagnosis of uterine leiomyosarcoma. Case report: We report the case of a 47-year-old woman with a uterine leiomyosarcoma. A preoperative plain CT scan showed significant uterine enlargement, whereas an enhanced CT scan showed an uneven and significantly enhanced mass. A large mass was observed in the lower and middle parts of the abdomen intraoperatively. The large mass in the abdominal and pelvic cavities was a uterine mass with bilateral adnexal lesions, approximately 20 cm × 20 cm × 15 cm in size. Bilateral retroperitoneal masses were palpated. A total hysterectomy, left salpingectomy, right adnexectomy, and resection of the retroperitoneal mass were performed. The pathologic diagnosis was uterine leiomyosarcoma with bleeding and necrosis. Conclusions: Diagnosis of uterine leiomyosarcoma lacks clinical specificity. Imaging is helpful for early diagnosis, treatment, disease course assessment, and efficacy evaluation. Ultimately, a pathologic examination and biopsy are required to confirm the diagnosis.