CT angiography of the renal arteries and veins: normal anatomy and variants

Hazırolan, Tuncay; Öz, Müzeyyen; Türkbey, Barış; Karaosmanoğlu, Ali Devrim; Oğuz, Berna; Canyiğit, Murat

doi:10.4261/1305-3825.dir.2902-09.1

Cited by 36 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In previous studies, the size, number, and form variations of TFs were observed and morphometric measurements were done on dry cadaveric materials (2)(3)(4)(5)(6). In the previous studies, it was reported that multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) with 3-dimensional (3D) volume rendering (VR), multiplanar reconstruction (MPR), and maximum intensity projection (MIP) techniques has a very high sensitivity in evaluating anatomic (bony and vascular) variations and anatomic localization (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in the literature that evaluates the variations of TFs by MDCT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations of transverse foramens of cervical vertebrae: a 3-dimensional multidetector CT study

Değirmenci¹,

Yılmaz²

2013

Turk J Med Sci

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Seeds of 14 commonly found plant species from 3 different families (Brassicaceae, Dipsacaceae, and Asteraceae) were investigated for 1000-seed weights (g), total oil (%), total protein (%), total soluble sugar contents (TSS; mg g -1 ), and fatty acid compositions (%). Correlation coefficients of fatty acids from different families were investigated, as well. Palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, eicosenoic, and erucic acids were present in varying amounts. Within the family Brassicaceae, only Cardaria draba did not contain eicosenoic and erucic acids, while species of the Asteraceae and Dipsacaceae did not contain linolenic, eicosenoic, or erucic acids. The 1000-seed weights ranged between 0.17 and 32.71 g among the examined species. Species from Brassicaceae generally had high oil content, with the exception of C. draba. The highest oil content was found in Boreava orientalis (36.87%). Total protein content was higher in members of families Brassicaceae and Dipsacaceae than in Asteraceae, and total protein content was found to be between 9.4% and 32.6%. TSS contents of seeds varied widely, ranging from 4.98 to 26.65 mg g -1 . Palmitic and stearic acid contents of the species showed significant positive correlations, but erucic acid content negatively correlated with both linoleic and linolenic acids in Brassicaceae. Significant negative correlations were found between linolenic acid to both palmitic and oleic acids in Asteraceae and Dipsacaceae. Further studies are needed for a better understanding of seed quality parameters, as well as oil and seed yield, to detect promising genotypes of selected species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations of transverse foramens of cervical vertebrae: a 3-dimensional multidetector CT study

Değirmenci¹,

Yılmaz²

2013

Turk J Med Sci

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“…The advantages of CT angiography with modern equipment and corresponding examination protocols (narrow collimation) are the very high spatial resolution and very short examination time so that motion artifacts due to breathing and the proximity of the renal arteries to the aorta can be reduced [17]. In addition, corresponding post-processing programs with 2 D and 3 D reconstructions increase the value of CT [24]. However, despite the application of dose-optimized protocols, the main disadvantage of CT angiography is the exposure to ionizing radiation [25], so that this method should not be used in children to clarify questions regarding an accessory renal vessel.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, despite the application of dose-optimized protocols, the main disadvantage of CT angiography is the exposure to ionizing radiation [25], so that this method should not be used in children to clarify questions regarding an accessory renal vessel. Moreover, the application of contrast agent containing iodine with known side effects is required [17,24]. In children, Doppler sonography achieves a sensitivity of 92.8 % and a specificity of 76.5 % [2].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of MR Angiography in the Diagnosis of Aberrant Renal Arteries as the Cause of Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction in Children

Ritter¹,

Götz

Sorge³

et al. 2014

Fortschr Röntgenstr

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!Purpose: To determine the importance of MRI with contrast-enhanced MRA for the detection or exclusion of aberrant or obstructing renal arteries in ureteropelvic junction obstruction in children. Materials and Methods: Key word-based search in RIS database (ureteropelvic junction obstruction/ MRI) and retrospective comparison of arterial findings from preoperative contrast -enhanced MRA and intra-operative inspection. From 2007 to 2013, 19 children with ureteropelvic junction obstruction underwent contrast-enhanced MRA. Based on the results of the MRI scan and MAG3 scintigraphy, the children were referred to surgery (Anderson-Hynes-pyeloplasty). Results: An aberrant renal artery was diagnosed with MRI in 14 of 19 children, and intra-operative inspection confirmed 13 of those 14. In the remaining 5 children, no aberrant vessel could be observed in MRI and this was confirmed intra-operatively in 3 of the 5 cases, while in the remaining 2, an aberrant vessel was found. Of the 14 children with aberrant vessels, 12 underwent surgery due to assumed ureteral obstruction, which was confirmed by surgery in 11 cases. In one case, an aberrant artery was found intra-operatively, but obstruction could not be confirmed. In one of the 14 children, the vessel was found in MRI, but its obstructing character was negated via MRA, which was confirmed intra-operatively. In the diagnosis of aberrant and obstructing renal arteries, contrast-enhanced MRA presents 85 % sensitivity and 80 % specificity, with a positive predictive value of 0.8. Conclusion: MRI with contrast-enhanced MRA is suitable to detect aberrant and obstructing renal arteries. An obstructive effect of the aberrant vessel is to be assumed if the vessel has a close relationship to the ureteropelvic junction and if it is linearly stretched.

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“…In the majority of people, each kidney is supplied by a single renal artery arising from the abdominal aorta at the level of L1-L2; renal arteries are usually 4-6 cm in length and 5-6 mm in diameter (15). Accessory renal arteries are present in about one-third of individuals; they arise from the aorta or the iliac arteries.…”

Section: Factors Affecting Vascular Opacification and Pharmacokineticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrast medium administration and image acquisition parameters in renal CT angiography: what radiologists need to know

Saade

Deeb²,

Mohamad³

et al. 2016

Diagn Interv Radiol

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P ersonalized medicine is a popular topic in radiology today. Scientists are flooding academic journals, conference proceedings, and book chapters with arguments about radiation reduction strategies with a personalized approach. However, contrast media (CM) dose reduction has been overlooked, which is of great concern. As such, 3% of all patients admitted for renal dialysis are a direct result of excessive CM volume delivered during radiologic imaging in the course of their hospital stay (1).Studies suggest that CM volumes employed during renal computed tomography (CT) angiography (CTA) range from 30-120 mL (2-4). This wide array of CM dose has different effects on scanner parameters. For example, employing 30 mL CM volume with a tube current selection of 80 kVp renders acceptable image quality. However, image quality can either be quantitative or qualitative in nature, which increase the subjectivity of good versus acceptable image quality with desired CM doses. Therefore, judging optimal image quality is determined by the amount of noise and vascular opacification of the renal arteries.Vascular opacification that is too low may compromise the visualization of small renal vasculature and underestimate plaque formation and stenosis (5). Previous studies on contrast-injection protocols for renal CTA suggested that the adequate attenuation value for the arteries is greater than 211 Hounsfield units (HU) (6). However, attenuation values of the renal arteries have reached as high as 435±48 HU, while those of the renal veins have reached 277±29 HU (7).The sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing greater than 50% renal artery stenosis during renal CTA range from 67%-100% and 77%-98%, respectively (8). Renal magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) has sensitivity and specificity of 88%-100% and 70%-100% with low interobserver variability, especially for severe stenosis greater than 70% (9).Renal CTA provides accurate, noninvasive, and time-efficient diagnostic evaluation for medical management of renal arterial disease as well as creating a roadmap prior to surgical intervention. Such clinical questions arise when a hypertensive individual has renal CTA to exclude renal artery stenosis, fibromuscular dysplasia, or dissection. Pathology-specific renal CTA examinations include determining if vasculitis involves the renal arteries or the extent of renal aneurysmal changes. Preoperative renal CTA planning can be useful for nephron-sparing surgery prior to resection of renal masses or as post-procedural follow-up of renal stenting or surgical revascularization. Finally, renal CTA is also employed in the evaluation of the kidney donor and recipient prior to transplantation. ABSTRACTOver the last decade, exponential advances in computed tomography (CT) technology have resulted in improved spatial and temporal resolution. Faster image acquisition enabled renal CT angiography to become a viable and effective noninvasive alternative in diagnosing renal vascular pathologies. However, with these advances, new challenges in contras...

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CT angiography of the renal arteries and veins: normal anatomy and variants

Cited by 36 publications

References 17 publications

Variations of transverse foramens of cervical vertebrae: a 3-dimensional multidetector CT study

Variations of transverse foramens of cervical vertebrae: a 3-dimensional multidetector CT study

Significance of MR Angiography in the Diagnosis of Aberrant Renal Arteries as the Cause of Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction in Children

Contrast medium administration and image acquisition parameters in renal CT angiography: what radiologists need to know

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