CT angiographic study of the cerebral deep veins around the vein of Galen

Abstract

Research on the anatomy of cerebral deep veins (CDVs) around the vein of Galen (VG) is very important and has fundamental clinical significance. Large-scale anatomical studies of CDVs using computed tomography angiography (CTA) are rarely reported. A retrospective study of the CDVs around the VG was conducted in Chinese patients of Han nationality. One hundred cases were included in the final analysis. The patients were aged from 17 to 78 years (mean: 42.3 years). Also, 46% of the patients were female. The diameter of the internal cerebral vein (ICV) at its beginning and termination points ranged from 0.4 to 2.8 mm (1.49 ± 0.39 mm) and 0.4 to 3.5 mm (2.05 ± 0.47 mm), respectively. There was statistical significance regarding the diameter of the ICV at its beginning and termination points (P <0.01). The ICV length ranged from 28.5 to 47.9 mm (36.86 ± 3.74 mm). The length of the straight sinus (SS) ranged from 30.2 to 57.8 mm (43.6 ± 6.37 mm). The length of the VG ranged from 1.5 to 41.8 mm (9.30 ± 4.76 mm). The angle at the VG and SS transition area ranged from 25.4 to 110.6° (77.2 ± 18.0°). This study was a meaningful attempt to conduct anatomical research of CDVs using CTA. Preoperative familiarity with the normal venous structure and its variation around the VG would be helpful for endovascular treatment.

Current status of perimesencephalic non-aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

“…The current common hypothesis is that PNSAH originates from a rupture of the deep veins around the midbrain ( 9 , 29 , 30 ). The deep veins around the midbrain mainly include the basal vein of Rosenthal (BVR) ( 31 ). BVR has three variants: type A (normal pattern): the BVR mainly drains into the vein of Galen; type B (discontinuous pattern): the BVR drains anteriorly into the cavernous sinus and posteriorly into the vein of Galen; and type C (primitive variant): the BVR drains into veins other than the vein of Galen ( 29 , 32 ).…”

Use of Stent Retriever Thrombectomy Combined With Local Urokinase Thrombolysis for Deep Cerebral Vein Thrombosis: A Case Report

“…It may have been due to the steep and sharp angle at the junction of the VOG and straight sinus. Besides, studies suggest that 42% of normal DCVs have stenosis (width and thickness of ≤2 mm) or an impression of the arachnoid granulation (articular shape) at the junction (Hou et al, 2021). Furthermore, we should bear in mind that the wall of the vein is far thinner than the arteries, and DCVs are not fixed but float in the subarachnoid space.…”

“…Moreover, when the aspiration catheter fails to deliver to VOG, the stent retriever could be an option for thrombectomy for DCV thrombosis. Since over 40% of normal DCVs have stenosis variation (Hou et al, 2021), a 4 mm nominal diameter stent tailored for large intracranial arteries is obviously not the best choice. In the future, the introduction of a smaller stent retriever tailored for intracranial veins may enable the neurointerventionalist to safely treat these patients.…”

Stent with Piezoelectric Transducers for High Spatial Resolution Ultrasound Neuromodulation- a Finite Element Analysis

“…Lastly, the diameter of the blood vessels in this study is presumed to be constant. However, the vessel diameter varies as they branch further away from the major vessels [82]. For example, the ICV can vary between 0.4 and 2.8 mm from the beginning to its termination.…”