CT and X-ray contrast agents: Current clinical challenges and the future of contrast

Owens, Tyler C.; Anton, Nicolas; Attia, Mohamed F.

doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2023.09.027

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…33−40 Therefore, we have designed an iodinated PBE (I-PBE) that contains a protonend-capping unit at the tip of the backbone, allowing basetriggered depolymerization, and iodophenyl pendants for X-ray attenuation as found in many organic radiocontrast agents. 41 The complete sequential cleavage of the repeating units could occur under basic aqueous conditions, leading to the formation of quinone methide monomers followed by hydration (right of Figure 1a). 38,42 Furthermore, the polymer agent was designed to generate synergistic effects with common biodegradable polymeric matrices as functional additives (Figure 1b).…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The polymer agent was radiopaque due to the covalently attached iodides on each repeating unit, and its backbone was readily degradable under specific conditions. This agent was based on the functionalization of a self-immolative PBE because the backbone of PBEs completely depolymerizes to monomers in a head-to-tail fashion when triggered by a specific stimulus, and the phenyl pendant on each repeating unit provides synthetic flexibility for the engineering of material properties. − Therefore, we have designed an iodinated PBE (I-PBE) that contains a proton-end-capping unit at the tip of the backbone, allowing base-triggered depolymerization, and iodophenyl pendants for X-ray attenuation as found in many organic radiocontrast agents . The complete sequential cleavage of the repeating units could occur under basic aqueous conditions, leading to the formation of quinone methide monomers followed by hydration (right of Figure a). , …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiopaque, Self-Immolative Poly(benzyl ether) as a Functional X-ray Contrast Agent: Synthesis, Prolonged Visibility, and Controlled Degradation

Choi,

Darmawan

et al. 2024

Biomacromolecules

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A self-immolative radiocontrast polymer agent has been newly designed for this study. The polymer agent is composed of a degradable poly(benzyl ether)-based backbone that enables complete and spontaneous depolymerization upon exposure to a specific stimulus, with iodophenyl pendant groups that confer a radiodensity comparable to that of commercial agents. In particular, when incorporated into a biodegradable polycaprolactone matrix, the agent not only reinforces the matrix and provides prolonged radiopacity without leaching but also governs the overall degradation kinetics of the composite under basic aqueous conditions, allowing for X-ray tracking and exhibiting a predictable degradation until the end of its lifespan. Our design would be advanced with various other components to produce synergistic functions and extended for applications in implantable biodegradable devices and theragnostic systems.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiopaque, Self-Immolative Poly(benzyl ether) as a Functional X-ray Contrast Agent: Synthesis, Prolonged Visibility, and Controlled Degradation

Choi,

Darmawan

et al. 2024

Biomacromolecules

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“…In spite of the fact that the choice of preclinical models can be diverse, there are several challenges to designing a viable patient-delivered technology such as safety, stability, scalability, and cost of production. 663 , 678 The option of nanomaterials is an important influencing factor for clinical translation. Complex approval processes for new materials may prolong the time to clinical translation, as the safety and efficacy of NPs must undergo rigorous review.…”

Section: The Limitations/challenges Of Nanotechnology Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanotechnology’s frontier in combatting infectious and inflammatory diseases: prevention and treatment

Huang,

Guo,

et al. 2024

Sig Transduct Target Ther

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Inflammation-associated diseases encompass a range of infectious diseases and non-infectious inflammatory diseases, which continuously pose one of the most serious threats to human health, attributed to factors such as the emergence of new pathogens, increasing drug resistance, changes in living environments and lifestyles, and the aging population. Despite rapid advancements in mechanistic research and drug development for these diseases, current treatments often have limited efficacy and notable side effects, necessitating the development of more effective and targeted anti-inflammatory therapies. In recent years, the rapid development of nanotechnology has provided crucial technological support for the prevention, treatment, and detection of inflammation-associated diseases. Various types of nanoparticles (NPs) play significant roles, serving as vaccine vehicles to enhance immunogenicity and as drug carriers to improve targeting and bioavailability. NPs can also directly combat pathogens and inflammation. In addition, nanotechnology has facilitated the development of biosensors for pathogen detection and imaging techniques for inflammatory diseases. This review categorizes and characterizes different types of NPs, summarizes their applications in the prevention, treatment, and detection of infectious and inflammatory diseases. It also discusses the challenges associated with clinical translation in this field and explores the latest developments and prospects. In conclusion, nanotechnology opens up new possibilities for the comprehensive management of infectious and inflammatory diseases.

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“…179 However, these molecules can be cleared by the kidneys within minutes, whereas vascular imaging requires scanning times of up to several tens of minutes. 180 These features render it incompatible with vascular imaging. The use of polymer-or nanoparticle-based contrast agents is a possible solution to enable CT for vascular imaging, as these materials inherently have longer circulation times.…”

Section: X-ray Computed Tomography Imaging (Ct) Xray Computed Tomogra...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Common CT contrast agents are small molecules containing iodine or heavy metal atoms (such as gadolinium and other lanthanide elements) . However, these molecules can be cleared by the kidneys within minutes, whereas vascular imaging requires scanning times of up to several tens of minutes . These features render it incompatible with vascular imaging.…”

Section: Molecular Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Stimuli-Responsive Self-Immolative Polymers for Drug Delivery and Molecular Imaging

Li,

Liu,

et al. 2024

Chem. Mater.

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Stimuli-responsive self-immolative polymers (SIPs) represent a unique class of polymers that can undergo controlled, sequential head-to-tail depolymerization upon specific stimuli. Since their inception, they have evolved over two decades to become one of the most attractive polymer types. With their characteristic feature of "one stimulus, multiple responses", SIPs inherently possess the ability to serve as chemical amplifiers, which can amplify weak chemical or biological signals. This feature promises higher stimulus sensitivity, greater selectivity for specific microenvironments, and the potential to generate more persistent, extensive, and significant responses while consuming fewer stimuli sources. This Review summarizes the latest research advancements in stimuli-responsive SIPs for drug delivery and molecular imaging over the past five years. Regarding the structure of SIPs, we briefly overview the updates in self-immolation units, end-cap moieties, and sequence of SIPs. In terms of applications, we focus on the possible biological applications of SIPs in drug delivery for disease treatment and potential imaging methods. Finally, we provide a brief perspective of potential future directions for SIPs in these applications.

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CT and X-ray contrast agents: Current clinical challenges and the future of contrast

Cited by 15 publications

References 102 publications

Radiopaque, Self-Immolative Poly(benzyl ether) as a Functional X-ray Contrast Agent: Synthesis, Prolonged Visibility, and Controlled Degradation

Radiopaque, Self-Immolative Poly(benzyl ether) as a Functional X-ray Contrast Agent: Synthesis, Prolonged Visibility, and Controlled Degradation

Nanotechnology’s frontier in combatting infectious and inflammatory diseases: prevention and treatment

Recent Advances in Stimuli-Responsive Self-Immolative Polymers for Drug Delivery and Molecular Imaging

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