CT and MRI of the Orbit

Griffin, Andrew; Hoang, Jenny K.; Malinzak, Michael

doi:10.1097/iio.0000000000000218

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…On standard T1 weighted MR images, water gives a dark signal, glandular tissues and muscles appear dark gray, and fat and myelin tissue appear bright. After the contrast medium administration, muscles, highly vascular mucosa, or tumor tissue are enhanced [9]. T1-weighted images are generally better for depicting standard anatomical details [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normative measurements of orbital structures on magnetic resonance images; a cross-sectional study with mini review of the literature

Kızılgöz,

Aydın,

Aydemir

et al. 2024

Surg Radiol Anat

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PurposeAwareness of normative values of extra orbital structures would provide useful information to interpret the radiological images better and use them for diagnostic purposes. This study aimed to reveal the average values of major extraocular structures measured on magnetic resonance images. MethodsIn this retrospective cross-sectional study, magnetic resonance (MR) images of 256 orbits of 128 patients were re-interpreted regarding the measurements of major orbital structures. Extraocular muscles, superior ophthalmic vein, and optic nerve-sheath complex were measured on orbital MR images of these patients.The data distributions were presented by box-plot analyses for each parameter, and the measurement results were analyzed regarding sex and age groups. ResultsLateral rectus muscle thickness (LR), inferior rectus muscle thickness (IR), globe position (GP), and interzygomatic line (IZL) values were higher in the male group than in the female group (p values were <0.001, 0.003, 0.020, and <0.001 respectively). LR, the thickness of the superior group muscles (SUP GR), IR, superior oblique muscle thickness (SOBL), and the thickness of optic nerve-sheath complex (ON) values indicated a signi cant relationship between age groups. There was a signi cant, positive, and lowlevel correlation between age and LR, SUP GR, and IR values (p values were <0.001, 0.001, and <0.001, respectively). ConclusionThis study provides quantitative data on normative values of orbital structures with gender and age group comparisons. Clinicians or surgeons can easily use the measured values to gather diagnostic information from the orbital region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normative measurements of orbital structures on magnetic resonance images; a cross-sectional study with mini review of the literature

Kızılgöz,

Aydın,

Aydemir

et al. 2024

Surg Radiol Anat

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“…Delay in diagnosis can result in optic nerve damage due to compression and ischemia. 23,24 Untreated or unrecognized cases may result in permanent visual loss within 90-120 minutes. 25 Therefore immediate management and most importantly recoding of visual acuity at trauma room with proper referral to ophthalmologist and long follow-up is recommended to save vision.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern of Orbital Diseases at a Tertiary Oculoplastic Center

Idris

Yaqoob²,

Khan

et al. 2020

pak J Ophthalmol

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Purpose: To determine the causes and frequency of orbital involvement by systemic disorders and non-ocular trauma at a tertiary Oculoplastic centre. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional retrospective study. Ophthalmology unit Place and Duration of Study: Department of Ophthalmology, Lady Reading Hospital Medical teaching Institute, Peshawar from January 2012 and Dec 2016. Methods: A total of 45 patients were included in this study. Patients’ demographics, clinical cause of orbitopathy and time delay between the problem noticed by the patient and presentation were recorded. Orbitopathy included the presence of corneal and conjunctival changes, optic nerve disorders, proptosis, orbital bone changes and soft tissue swelling of eyelids. The data was analyzed using SPSS software (version 22). The frequency (percentage) and mean ± standard deviation were reported for categorical variables. Results: Mean age of the patients was 28.89 ± 22.02 years. There were 26 (57.8%) males 19 (42.2%) females. Commonest disorder was Bacterial Infection in 16 (35.6%) patients followed by Thyroid orbitopathy, which was seen in 14 (31.1%) cases. Other causes included Leukemia, Lymphoma, Retrobulbar Hemorrhage, Neurofibromatosis, Neuroblastoma, Maxillary Osteosarcoma, Teratoma and Fungal Infection. Time delay between presentation of orbital swelling and first noticed by patient was 147.02 ± 155.18 weeks in male while in female the time delay was 148.79 ± 146.47 weeks. Conclusion: The commonest inflammation was due to thyroid, commonest infection was bacterial infection and commonest tumor was leukemia. Imaging and proper workup is important to properly treat any orbital disease. Key Words: Orbit, Ocular trauma, Neuroblastoma, Orbital lymphoma.

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“…CT is a highly efficient, economical, and accurate detecting technique that provides precise reflection of the boundary between soft and hard tissues in the orbit. Common application of CT imaging biomarkers includes depiction of invasive growth of orbital tumors and extraocular muscle thickening ( 92 , 93 ). However, in the field of TED, CT is less referable than MRI in anti-inflammatory treatment response prediction due to its shortage in reflecting soft tissue pathogenesis.…”

Section: Imaging Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive markers for anti-inflammatory treatment response in thyroid eye disease

Zhang,

Fan,

et al. 2023

Front. Endocrinol.

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Anti-inflammatory treatment is the primary and vital therapeutic approach for active, moderate-to-severe thyroid eye disease (TED). Accurate pretreatment prediction of treatment response is of paramount importance for the prognosis of patients. However, relying solely on the clinical activity score asa determinant of activity has led to unsatisfactory treatment outcomes. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in identifying predictive markers for anti-inflammatory treatment response in TED, clinical markers, body fluid biomarkers and imaging biomarkers. Several clinical studies have developed prediction models based on these markers. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive elucidation or comparison between the different markers. Therefore, this review aims to provide a detailed analysis of the definition, characteristics, and application of predictive markers for anti-inflammatory treatment response in TED. Through detailed literature search, 26 articles applying anti-inflammatory treatment effect prediction with a total of 1948 TED patients were used for analysis and discussion. By gaining a better understanding of the current research on predictive markers, we can accelerate and guide the exploration of treatment prediction strategies, leading us towards an era of precise therapy for TED.

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CT and MRI of the Orbit

Cited by 12 publications

References 77 publications

Normative measurements of orbital structures on magnetic resonance images; a cross-sectional study with mini review of the literature

Normative measurements of orbital structures on magnetic resonance images; a cross-sectional study with mini review of the literature

Pattern of Orbital Diseases at a Tertiary Oculoplastic Center

Predictive markers for anti-inflammatory treatment response in thyroid eye disease

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