“…Since engaging in social and environmental reporting (SER) involve costs, there is a debate among scholars concerning the type and degree of responsibilities that companies have for stakeholders; the financial impact of this responsibility; and its strategic role for the company [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14]. Accordingly, several studies have reported insignificant relationship between SER and corporate economic benefit [6,11] and could not clearly conclude whether investment in SER returns more or less than its cost [13,14].…”