CSLM study on the interaction of Nd2O3 with CaCl2 and CaF2–LiF molten melts

Mukherjee, Abhishek; Dyck, Joris Van; Blanpain, Bart; Guo, Muxing

doi:10.1007/s10853-016-0463-x

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The four reduction peaks (c1, c2, c3, c4) potential are more positive than the calcium metal deposition, which indicated that there are four electrochemical reduction processes of V 2 O 3 -Cr2O3-TiO 2 to form VCrTi. The XRD and EDX analysis results have confirmed that low-valence oxides and intermediate product perovskite formed during the electrochemical reduction of oxide mixtures [21]. Hence, we proposed the possible reaction of V 2 O 3 -Cr2O3-TiO 2 in CaCl 2 -NaCl.…”

Section: The Effect Of Electrolysis Voltagesupporting

confidence: 56%

Preparation of V–4Cr–4Ti Alloys from Mixed Oxides via Electro-Deoxidation Process in Molten Salt

Cao

Shi

et al. 2020

Metals

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V–4Cr–4Ti alloys exhibit important advantages as a candidate structural materials for fusion reactor first-walls and blanket applications. V–4Cr–4Ti alloys were prepared by direct electrochemical reduction of the solid mixture of V2O3, Cr2O3 and TiO2 in the molten CaCl2–NaCl eutectic at 1073 K. The influence of cell voltage, sintering temperature and electrolysis time on the electrolysis process are reported. The microstructure and phase compositions of the products were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) during the electrolysis process. The results showed that V–4Cr–4Ti alloys can be obtained at the voltage of 3.1 V and the time of 0.5 h. Cr2O3 was first reduced to Cr metal, while V2O3 and TiO2 was reduced to low-valence oxide of vanadium and titanium. The reduction rate increases with increasing cell voltage, with much perovskite oxide formed during the electrolysis process.

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Section: The Effect Of Electrolysis Voltagesupporting

confidence: 56%

Preparation of V–4Cr–4Ti Alloys from Mixed Oxides via Electro-Deoxidation Process in Molten Salt

Cao

Shi

et al. 2020

Metals

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“…It is found that Nd 2 O 3 reacted vigorously with CaCl 2 to form NdOCl, while Nd 2 O 3 gradually dissolved in molten CaF 2 –LiF. 10 However, a quantitative discussion of the dissolution process was missing. In the present study, the dissolution of Nd 2 O 3 particles in molten fluorides is investigated with confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM), which provides in situ observation of the dissolution process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stefanidaki et al and Hu studied the products of the interaction between Nd 2 O 3 and fluoride melt with Raman spectroscopy and found the formation of M–O–F (M = metal) complex anions during Nd 2 O 3 dissolution. A previous study investigated the interactions of Nd 2 O 3 with molten CaCl 2 and CaF 2 –LiF. It is found that Nd 2 O 3 reacted vigorously with CaCl 2 to form NdOCl, while Nd 2 O 3 gradually dissolved in molten CaF 2 –LiF .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Study on Dissolution Behavior of Nd₂O₃in Fluoride Melts

Guo

Sun

Sietsma

et al. 2018

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The dissolution of rare earth oxides in molten fluorides is a critical step in the preparation of the corresponding rare earth metals by oxide-fluoride electrolysis. However, quantitatively understanding the nature of dissolution, especially in the case of molten salts, is usually difficult to be achieved by postmortem characterization. In this paper, the dissolution behavior of Nd2O3 particles in molten fluorides was studied via in situ observation with confocal scanning laser microscopy. Combining direct observation with thermodynamic analyses on the oxide dissolution, the rate-limiting step(s) and the effects of parameters like temperature, salt type, and composition on the dissolution rate are identified. This study provides a methodology to estimate the dissolution kinetics of rare earth oxides in molten fluorides during their primary and secondary processing.

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“…Hence, the feasibility of producing a direct (master) alloy of Al-RE by chloride fused salt electrolysis process route developed by Harata et al was explored (Harata et al, 2009). However, CeO 2 and La 2 O 3 react with CaCl 2 and form the respective oxychlorides CeOCl and LaOCl (reactions 4 and 5), unlike scandium during electrolysis (Mukherjee et al, 2017). The formation of (Ce, La)OCl was confirmed by XRD analysis.…”

Section: Fused Salt Electrolysismentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Moreover, the concentration of Sc was low (<2 wt.%) in the alloy. Furthermore, Ce and La oxides behave differently in the molten salt compared to Sc oxide (Mukherjee et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of rare earths from glass polishing waste for the production of aluminium-rare earth alloys

Gerven

Vlugt

Yang

et al. 2021

Resources, Conservation and Recycling

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CSLM study on the interaction of Nd2O3 with CaCl2 and CaF2–LiF molten melts

Cited by 13 publications

References 26 publications

Preparation of V–4Cr–4Ti Alloys from Mixed Oxides via Electro-Deoxidation Process in Molten Salt

Preparation of V–4Cr–4Ti Alloys from Mixed Oxides via Electro-Deoxidation Process in Molten Salt

Quantitative Study on Dissolution Behavior of Nd₂O₃in Fluoride Melts

Recovery of rare earths from glass polishing waste for the production of aluminium-rare earth alloys

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CSLM study on the interaction of Nd2O3 with CaCl2 and CaF2–LiF molten melts

Cited by 13 publications

References 26 publications

Preparation of V–4Cr–4Ti Alloys from Mixed Oxides via Electro-Deoxidation Process in Molten Salt

Preparation of V–4Cr–4Ti Alloys from Mixed Oxides via Electro-Deoxidation Process in Molten Salt

Quantitative Study on Dissolution Behavior of Nd2O3in Fluoride Melts

Recovery of rare earths from glass polishing waste for the production of aluminium-rare earth alloys

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Product

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Quantitative Study on Dissolution Behavior of Nd₂O₃in Fluoride Melts