CSF monoamine patterns in pathological gamblers and healthy controls

Nordin, Conny; Sjödin, Ingemar

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2005.06.003

Cited by 26 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…While most of the factors had no marked effect on GABA level, neuraxis distance contributed to the variance of GABA and thereby increased the magnitude of differences between pathological gamblers and healthy controls. The recent findings of Nordin and Sojdin [8] are just opposite to the earlier finding where no significant difference in CSF GABA level was observed between pathological gamblers and healthy controls. One of the possible explanations advocated by Nordin and Sojdin [8] is that earlier workers analyzed GABA in the 12-32 ml fraction of CSF and the first 12 ml were reserved for another purpose.…”

Section: Gaba An Interesting Molecule In Pgcontrasting

confidence: 75%

“…The therapeutic use of 5-HTP bypasses its conversion from tryptophan through the enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase, the rate limiting step in serotonin biosynthesis. Supremacy of 5-HTP over tryptophan for antidepression effects has been well recorded [65,66], however some adverse effects of tryptophan and 5-HTP also exist [67,68] In pathological gamblers a higher level of tryptophan has been recorded recently in CSF [8,69]. In this study a constant higher level of tryptophan was found in all the three fractions of CSF, in comparison to healthy controls.…”

Section: Tryptophanmentioning

confidence: 49%

“…A mechanistic insight on serotonergic function has shown a relationship between reduced CSF 5-HIAA, a metabolite of 5 HT, and varieties of impulsive/|aggressive disorder & behaviour [42]. In a recent study on CSF monoamine patterns in PGS and control [8,43], lower CSF levels of tryptophan and 5HT have been recorded in PGS, but opposite for 5-HIAA. The lower 5 HT and higher 5-HIAA levels may indicate an increased biotransformation of 5-HT.…”

Section: Serotonergic Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus a lack of CRH-NA relationship in gamblers suggests a possibility of dysfunction in regulation of the noradrenergic system. An in-depth study on GABA in pathological gambling has been done by Nordin and Sjodin [8] who found higher concentrations of GABA in CFS of pathological gamblers but disturbed gradients of GABA in healthy controls. In this study GABA concentration was also affected by some physical parameters like age, body mass index (BMI), intraspinal pressure, atmospheric pressure, neuraxis distance, CFS storage time and CSF collection.…”

Section: Gaba An Interesting Molecule In Pgmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of the important amino acids are tryptophan, phenylalanine, tyrosine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, orthinine, GABA and arginine. Besides these, several branch chain amino acids, glycine, and sulfur-containing amino acids like, methionine and taurine also have been implicated [6][7][8]. Some of these amino acids are also in use as psychotherapeutic agents as well as in correcting various CNS disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Amino Acids in Pathological Gambling and in its Alleviation: Pharmacological Approaches

Gupta¹

2010

TOADDJ

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Labelling Pathological gambling (PG) with a tag of Socio-Psychological problem more than medical causes hampers its pharmacological treatment. Because of this, its neurobiology has been studied only a little, limited to abnormalities in the serotonergic, noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems. Besides this; studies on the role of precursors of these neurotransmitters are almost negligible. Higher concentrations of known precursors like tryptophan, tyrosine and phenyl alanine have been reported in the CSF of pathological gamblers. In addition to this, recently many other inhibitory and excitatory amino acids like GABA, taurine, aspartic and glutamic acids have been found to be in much higher concentration, providing a basis for the candidate amino acids in the therapy of PG. Many of these amino acids have beneficial actions in a number of CNS problems. On this basis, as most of these amino acids are non-toxic and natural, such amino acids can be used as supplements /compliments in PG therapy. One of these amino acids, taurine, a sulfur containing amino acid which is now part of various energy drinks, anti-ageing and anti-diabetes formulas, mood enhancers and many more alternative medicine applications, also could exert beneficial actions in alleviating PG. Therapy with amino acids also has its own limitations; hence development of pro-drug derivatives of these amino acids may constitute a new class of therapeutic agent for PG. This review is a blended form of synthesis and synopsis about various amino acids in the context of PG, considering their potential utility and providing a provocative stimulus for scientific thinkers.

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Section: Gaba An Interesting Molecule In Pgcontrasting

confidence: 75%

Section: Tryptophanmentioning

confidence: 49%

Section: Serotonergic Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gaba An Interesting Molecule In Pgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Amino Acids in Pathological Gambling and in its Alleviation: Pharmacological Approaches

Gupta¹

2010

TOADDJ

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Polymorphisms in the 3′ UTR of the serotonin transporter are associated with cognitive flexibility in rhesus macaques

Vallender

Lynch

Novak

et al. 2008

American J of Med Genetics Pt B

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The serotonin system is an important neurophysiological mediator of many behavioral phenotypes. Genetic variation within this system is thought to contribute not only to the natural range of behavioral differences, but also to neuropsychiatric pathologies. Cognitive flexibility, the ability to change patterns of response as reward context shifts, is an important trait that underlies many complex social interactions. Environmental manipulations of the serotonin system have been shown to alter performance on tests measuring cognitive flexibility. Variation at the serotonin transporter promoter region (5HTTLPR) has recently been shown to associate with the performance of rhesus monkeys on an object discrimination reversal learning task [Izquierdo et al. 2007]. Here, we demonstrate that functional genetic variation at the serotonin transporter 3’ untranslated region, independent of 5HTTLPR, also associates with performance in an object discrimination reversal learning task in rhesus macaques. The polymorphisms comprising the T:G:T haplotype (T1970, G1991, and T2327) were associated with fewer errors on a reversal learning test and greater levels of cognitive flexibility. We have previously demonstrated that the T:G:T haplotype renders lower levels of gene expression in vitro, paralleling the functionality of human 3’ UTR haplotypes, as well as the short allele of 5HTTLPR found in both macaques and humans. The 3’ UTR haplotypes are independent and in linkage equilibrium with the 5HTTLPR locus. Together, these data lead to the intriguing possibility that differences observed in human cognitive flexibility, whether naturally or in pathological states, may be associated with genetic variation in the serotonin transporter 3’ untranslated region also.

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The current clinical knowledge on the treatment of gambling disorder: A summary

Hloch

Mladěnka

Doseděl

et al. 2017

Synapse

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Gambling disorder (GD) is a topical problem in developed countries and may be present in 1-3% of the general population. The pathophysiology of this disorder is largely unknown but it shares similarities to other behavioral addictions. Multiple neurotransmitter systems, including dopaminergic, serotonergic, noradrenergic, glutamatergic, and opioidergic, have been implicated in GD. Based on available articles, only the opioid antagonist naltrexone has been documented to demonstrate clinical efficacy in multiple studies including double-blind studies. Nalmefene, another opioid antagonist, may be active as well but its dose-response effect remains unclear. Contrarily, current test results do not support the therapeutic use of any antidepressant drug. Some positive data has been made available supporting the use of N-acetylcystein, but more studies are needed to confirm this. No clear or definite information is currently available for other drugs.

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CSF monoamine patterns in pathological gamblers and healthy controls

Cited by 26 publications

References 21 publications

Amino Acids in Pathological Gambling and in its Alleviation: Pharmacological Approaches

Amino Acids in Pathological Gambling and in its Alleviation: Pharmacological Approaches

Polymorphisms in the 3′ UTR of the serotonin transporter are associated with cognitive flexibility in rhesus macaques

The current clinical knowledge on the treatment of gambling disorder: A summary

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