CSF Flow Quantification of the Cerebral Aqueduct in Normal Volunteers Using Phase Contrast Cine MR Imaging

Lee, Jeong Hyun; Lee, Ho Kyu; Kim, Tae Yong; Kim, Jong Hun; Park, Ji Kang; Choi, Choong Gon

doi:10.3348/kjr.2004.5.2.81

Cited by 80 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Regrettably, in many other studies where CSF movement in the aqueduct of Sylvius has been examined in physiological conditions by different MR imaging techniques, the obtained results did not allow presentation of the rate of CSF formation (V f ) neither from reported flow values nor from the CSF velocity (Baledent et al, 2006;Barkhof et al, 1994;Florez et al, 2006;Kim et al, 1999;Lee et al, 2004;Luetmer et al, 2002;Mase et al, 1998;Schroeder et al, 2000;Scollato et al, 2008;Stahlberg et al, 1989). The reason for this lies in the fact that attempts have been made to diagnose pathologic changes by means of other, more easily measurable hydrodynamic parameters in the aqueduct of Sylvius (see above).…”

Section: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Because the aqueduct has a constant diameter over a certain length, a rather constant flow pattern is present as opposed to, for example, the foramina of Monro where irregular flow patterns may be encountered. Cardiac cycle-related cerebral blood volume variations produce bidirectional oscillatory movement of CSF within the aqueduct (Barkhof et al, 1994;Florez et al, 2006;Greitz et al, 1993;Lee et al, 2004;Luetmer et al, 2002;Ohara et al, 1988). During systole, the net inflow of blood increases the intracranial volume and induces craniocaudal (systolic) CSF movement.…”

Section: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This assumption has rarely been reported in literature (Di Chiro, 1964;Weed, 1914). It is believed that CSF flow is augmented by the ciliary action of the ventricular ependyma, vascular, choroidal and respiratory pulsations, cardiac systole and diastole and the hydrostatic pressure gradient that exists between the CSF and the venous system (Bering, 1962;Bering and Satto, 1963;Bhadelia et al, 1995;Di Chiro, 1964;Du Boulay, 1966;Du Boulay et al, 1972;Florez et al, 2006;Lee et al, 2004;Mascalchi et al, 1988;Milhorat, 1975;O'Connel, 1970;Ohara et al, 1988;Scollato et al, 2008;Thomsen et al, 1990).…”

Section: Formation Rate Of Cerebrospinal Fluid As the Main Generator mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The formation of cerebrospinal fluid: Nearly a hundred years of interpretations and misinterpretations

Orešković

Klarica

2010

Brain Research Reviews

296

274

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Section: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Formation Rate Of Cerebrospinal Fluid As the Main Generator mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The formation of cerebrospinal fluid: Nearly a hundred years of interpretations and misinterpretations

Orešković

Klarica

2010

Brain Research Reviews

296

274

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“…The reasons for the occurrence of these errors are reported as non-linearity of the gradients, eddy currents, partial volume effects, and error in ROI placement (5,12,13). In cases with narrow aqueducts, the error rate can increase due to difficulty in ROI placement (14). Reliable flow quantification is reported to be feasible if the diameter of the lumen is greater than 1.5 mm 2 (15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cine phase-contrast MRI evaluation of normal aqueductal csf flow according to sex and age

Ünal

Kartum²,

Avcu³

et al. 2009

Diagn Interv Radiol

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) depicts cerebral tissue without need for contrast media in cerebral pathologies and gives detailed information on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and CSF flow pathways. In addition, physiopathologic evaluations including studies on CSF flow dynamics can be carried out by using cine-phase contrast techniques without need for invasive procedures such as contrast media injection or catheterization (1, 2).Evaluation of CSF flow physiology and pathologies with cine-phase contrast MRI evaluation has gained momentum in the last 15 years. Studies using this technique, which is very sensitive even to slow flow, have focused on the ventricular system, subarachnoid spaces, spinal canal, and the cerebral aqueduct (3-5).Following expression of flow through aqueduct quantitatively, an understanding of normal flow patterns was initially achieved, and flow changes in various pathologies were scrutinized. Communicating and obstructive hydrocephalus, Chiari malformation, and arachnoid cysts were the initial pathologies studied (6-9). Postsurgical clinical applications, such as evaluation of third ventriculostomy patency and aqueductal CSF flow evaluation following endoscopic aqueductoplasty came into use afterwards (10, 11). The characterization of normal CSF flow dynamics can provide pathophysiological information on diseases affecting CSF circulation by contributing to normal reference values.In this study, aqueductal CSF flow parameters in different age groups were investigated using cine-phase contrast MRI technique, with the aim of measuring differences in flow parameters among age groups and sexes. Materials and methodsIn this six-month prospective study, 60 subjects who underwent imaging for other indications but were found to have no abnormalities were included. Written consent was obtained from all subjects or legal representatives of subjects before the procedures. Of the cases, 25 (41.6%) were female and 35 (58.3%) were males, with ages ranging from 6 years to 70 years (mean, 31.2). The individuals were divided into five age groups: ≤14 years, 15-24 years, 25-34 years, 35-44 years, and ≥45 years. The mean ages in groups were as follows respectively: 9.1 years, 20.1 years, 30.1 years, 40.3 years, and 57.7 years.MRI examinations were performed with 1.5 T MR unit (Siemens Symphony, Erlangen, Germany). Imaging was carried out using standard head coils, in neutral supine position and without any case preparation. Subjects were asked to avoid deep breathing during the examination. Routine cranial axial and sagittal fast spin echo (FSE) T2-weighted images were acquired (TR/TE/NEX/FA, 5540/97/2/150˚; slice thickness, 5 mm; FOV, 250; matrix, 189 × 256). PURPOSEThe aim of this study was cerebrospinal flow quantification in the cerebral aqueduct using cine phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique in both sexes and five different age groups to provide normative data. MATERIALS AND METHODSSixty subjects with no cerebral pathology were included in this study. Subjects were divided into fi...

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“…Lee et al [94] obtained 3.7 ± 1.6 cm/s for the peak systolic velocity, while Marco et al [125] obtained maximal values of 4.5 ± 1.9 cm/s for systolic and 4.0 ± Baledent [82] is probably due to the difference of age. The age of our group was 40 ± 18 years old while the age of the group analyzed by [82] was 27 ± 4 years old.…”

Section: In Neurological Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intracranial fluids dynamics: a quantitative evaluation by means of phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging

Ordoñez¹,

Natalia²

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A mis padres Cecilia y Justo Pastor, por todos los principios éticos y morales impartidos;que prevalecerán durante toda mi vida. Al mayor regalo que Dios trajo a mi familia, María del Pilar. Gracias por enseñarme a valorar el sentido de la vida.A Elvis por toda la paciencia, amor y comprensión que día a día me fortalecieron. AcknowledgmentsDuring the development of this thesis, I have met many people and I learnt from all of them. Besides this, many people helped indirectly to the realization of this thesis helping me to feel at home in this foreign country. I hope I can express my gratitude to all of them and apologize in case I forget somebody. Dr. Luís Martí-Bonmatí, first of all I would like to thank him for offering me the opportunity to do research with him. Over time I have collected lots of "paper tablecloths" of the Italian restaurant, where we discussed step by step the different points that allowed the development of this thesis. I feel great admiration because he is able to transmit and share his knowledge in a polite way and I am especially thankful that he shared it with me during all these years. These techniques also must take into account the errors associated with the partial volume effect (PVE), caused by the presence of stationary tissue and flow inside the voxels of the periphery of the region under study.The overall objective of this thesis was to develop a reproducible methodology to quantitatively evaluate the intracranial fluids dynamics within CSF spaces (aqueduct of Sylvius, prepontine cistern and subarachnoid space C2C3) and main cerebral blood vessels (carotids and vertebral arteries, jugular veins, straight and sagittal superior sinus) by means of PC-MRI. This methodology includes semiautomatic segmentation techniques by thresholding and K-means clustering that allow to delineate the ROI with great independency of the observer and to apply background and aliasing correction.Amplitude parameters (increase of flow volume in systole, mean flows, pulsatility, compliance indexes and supratentorial CSF) and temporal parameters (delay respect to the inflow blood to the brain) were quantified. The distribution of the pulsatibility of the CSF flow between the ventricular and subarachnoid spaces was measured as the ratio of aqueductal to C2C3 cervical stroke volume.The commitment between the acquisition protocol and the used methodology to calculate each one of the parameters has helped to establish reliable and reproducible normality ranges for each one of them. The evaluated control subjects were asymptomatic and they had no history of intracranial hypertension, neurological disease, vascular events or relevant risks factors allowing to generalize the measures. They were studied at the same hourly stripe to avoid influences of the circadian cycle. All acquisitions were carried with a 3.0T MR unit to avoid the influence of the field strength on parameters.In conclusion an adequate methodology was developed to carry out quick ResumenEl volumen intracraneal lo integran el volumen de líquido ...

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CSF Flow Quantification of the Cerebral Aqueduct in Normal Volunteers Using Phase Contrast Cine MR Imaging

Cited by 80 publications

References 25 publications

The formation of cerebrospinal fluid: Nearly a hundred years of interpretations and misinterpretations

The formation of cerebrospinal fluid: Nearly a hundred years of interpretations and misinterpretations

Cine phase-contrast MRI evaluation of normal aqueductal csf flow according to sex and age

Intracranial fluids dynamics: a quantitative evaluation by means of phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging

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