CSE algorithm: ‘canal survey estimation’ to evaluate the flow rate extractions and hydraulic state in irrigation canals

Abstract

One of the main problems in water management of irrigation systems is the control of the equitable distribution of water among different orifice offtakes. The difficulty of managing a canal is partly caused by the lack of knowledge of the canal state because the scheduled demand is often not fulfilled, since farmers extract more water than is scheduled and it is impossible for the watermaster to determine the canal state. However, an innovative developed algorithm called CSE is proposed in this paper. This algorithm is able to estimate the real extracted flow and the hydrodynamic canal state (that is, the water level and velocity along the irrigation canal). The algorithm solves an inverse problem implemented as a nonlinear optimization problem using the Levenberg–Marquardt method. The algorithm is tested, taking into account several numerical examples, and a practical implementation is made for a real case study in the PAC-UPC canal, a 220 m laboratory canal especially designed for research into irrigation canal control area and irrigation canal modelling. This useful algorithm evaluates the real extraction flow and the canal state and could be a useful tool for a feedback controller.

The multi-point hydraulic control method for advanced controller design of the open canal irrigation systems

“…In his study, the length of canal pools ranged from 9.2 to 26.6 km, which is much longer than 7,000 m. Therefore, the confidence in applying the SVLD model to the OCIS controller design is greatly enhanced. When higher model prediction accuracy is needed, setting up state observers (Bonet et al 2016;Rodriguez et al 2020) or more sensor monitoring points is feasible to increase the number of divided segments. Nonetheless, a higher computing burden or greater control cost is the concomitant problem.…”

GoRoSoBo: an overall control diagram to improve the efficiency of water transport systems in real time

“…The development of CSE algorithm is beyond of the scope of this paper due to it has been shown several times, and it can be found in Bonet et al 2016. Instead, the development of GoRoSoBo algorithm is shown below.…”

“…That is why is very important to update Manning's coefficients periodically. The algorithm developed in this module is CSE algorithm (Bonet et al (2016)) which is able to estimate the disturbances which have modified the measured water level at checkpoints from the desired water levels. The algorithm can also obtain the current hydrodynamic state of the canal which is very useful in any case.…”

“…The individual study of each one is impossible in this work, so for this reason we will introduce the most usual structures. A common one found is a checkpoint (Figure 4), a target point where the water level is measured with a depth gage, and it includes a sluice-gate, a lateral weir outlet, offtake orifice or a pump, (shown in Bonet, 2015;Bonet et al 2016). The interaction of this control structure with the flow can be described according to the mass and energy conservation equations (6).…”

“…In such case, the CSE algorithm (Bonet 2015, Soler et al (2015 and Bonet et al (2016)) is an excellent tool to approach the real extractions in the canal in real time. One way to protect the canal from these disturbances could be with ponds built by the irrigation community or farmers themselves.…”