Cs-137 distribution in forest floor and surface soil layers from two mountainous regions in Bulgaria

Zhiyanski, Miglena; Bech, Jaume; Sokolovska, Maria; Lucot, Éric; Bech, Joan; Badot, Pierre‐Marie

doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2007.04.010

Cited by 29 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Consequently, it is necessary to characterize the soil horizons by an international classification from which the samples are taken. Although the boundaries of soil horizons could not given clearly in this study, the sampling of depth steps is the right way, i.e., surface soils in 15 cm depth are sampled with the 5-cm-depth sections as used many studies in recent publications (Bunzl et al 1997;Gastberger et al 2000;Strebl et al 2002;Ciuffo et al 2002;Zhiyanski et al 2008;Fujiyoshi et al 2009). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The forest environment is an important and complex ecological system with great capacity to intercept and to retain radionuclide deposition for a long time (Zhiyanski et al 2008). Both the natural and the man-made isotopes present in forests can affect the evolution of ecosystems since the soil properties of those ecosystems produce dramatic differences in biotic concentrations of radionuclides from similar levels of deposition (Segovia et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Activity concentrations of natural radionuclides and 137Cs in soils of coniferous forest sites in West Anatolia

Karadeniz

Yaprak

2010

Eur J Forest Res

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The surveys of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides and 137 Cs in surface soils of coniferous forest sites in and around Izmir were conducted during 2003-2004. The soil samples were collected from three different depths of 15 forest sites, particularly local wild edible mushrooms areas. The average activity concentrations and ranges of the natural radionuclides in the soils were as follows: 30 (14-51) Bq kg -1 of 226 Ra; 40 (17-79) Bq kg -1 of 232 Th; and 581 (308-879) Bq kg -1 of 40 K. Moreover, the values of 137 Cs activity concentrations averaged over the depth sections varied from 20 to 82 Bq kg -1 with a mean value of 52 Bq kg -1 . Accordingly, the levels of the studied natural radionuclides in the forest soils were within the range specified by UNSCEAR (2000) report for regular soils as well as the agricultural soils from the West Anatolia, while the measured activity levels of 137 Cs in the forest soils were still high in contrast to agricultural soils after 16 years from the deposition of Chernobyl fallout.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity concentrations of natural radionuclides and 137Cs in soils of coniferous forest sites in West Anatolia

Karadeniz

Yaprak

2010

Eur J Forest Res

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“…This was estimated based on organic matter content, clay minerals, and hydrology of the upper layers of soil (Larionova et al 2006;Forsberg et al 2000;Zhiyanski et al 2008). For this reason, a sampling depth of 5 cm has been chosen.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cs-137 in milk, vegetation, soil, and water near the former Soviet Union’s Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site

Какимов

Yessimbekov

Kakimova

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The present study was carried out to evaluate Cs-137 activity concentration in soil, water, vegetation, and cow's milk at 10 locations within three regions (Abai, Ayaguz, and Urdzhar) to the southeast of the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site (SNTS) in Kazakhstan. Cs-137 activity concentrations, determined using a pure Ge gamma-ray spectrometer, showed that, all samples collected did not exceed the National maximum allowable limits of 10,000 Bq/kg for soil, 100 Bq/kg for cow's milk, 74 Bq/kg for vegetation, and 11 Bq/kg for water. Cs-137 is, therefore, not considered a health hazard in these regions. The highest levels of contamination were found in the Abai region, where the highest activity concentration of Cs-137 was 18.0 ± 1.0 Bq/kg in soil, 7.60 ± 0.31 Bq/kg in cow's milk, 4.00 ± 0.14 Bq/kg in the vegetation, and 3.00 ± 0.24 Bq/kg in water. The lowest levels were measured within the Urdzhar region, where 4.00 ± 0.14 Bq/kg was found in the soil, 0.30 ± 0.02 Bq/kg in the cow's milk, 1.00 ± 0.03 Bq/kg in the vegetation, and 0.20 ± 0.02 Bq/kg in the water.

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“…Hence the archived pollution signals have been frequently detected in peat bog cores due to a possible less damaged peat profiles and high time-resolution (millennial to decadal). Anyway, in spite of some difficulties forest floor humus was successfully used as a long-term passive sampler of atmospheric deposition rates in several large-scale campaigns (e.g., Låg & Steinnes, 1978;Knoth et al, 2006;Zhiyanski et al, 2008;Reimann et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal Changes in Atmospheric Deposition Rates Across The Czech Republic Estimated in The Selected Biomonitoring Campaigns. Examples of Results Available For Landscape Ecology and Land Use Planning

Suchara

Sucharová

Holá

2015

Journal of Landscape Ecology

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Several large-scale and fine-scale biomonitoring surveys were carried out in the Czech Republic to estimate current and long-term accumulated atmospheric deposition rates using moss, spruce bark and forest floor humus as bioindicators since the end of 1980s. The results of the bioindicator analyses significantly correlated with available figures of deposition rates detected at the EMEP or Czech national measurement stations.The moss monitoring programmes revealed position of about 7 hot spots of high deposition loads of about 35-40 elements and indicated spatiotemporal decrease in the element deposition rates caused by restructuralization of industry, desulphurization of coal power plants and ceased distribution of leaded petrol. The deposition loads of toxic and risk elements have significantly decreased since the end of 1980s; however, increasing atmospheric deposition rates of reactive nitrogen has been bioindicated recently. The fine-scale moss monitoring campaigns, for example, delimited deposition zones around selected emission sources, revealed changes in deposition rates after introducing new technologies or delimited contaminated area in the surroundings of a chlor-alkali plant after a catastrophic flood episode. Deposition ranges of main pollution sources were mapped depicting the aerial distribution of stable lead isotopic ratios in moss, because the isotopic ratios are highly specific for each pollution source.Monitoring the spruce bark parameters enabled to recognise the distribution of acid rain, dust and sulphate deposition rates and their spatiotemporal changes across the country between 1987 and 2010. The bark investigations along altitudinal profiles showed diminishing effect of air pollution on spruce bark parameters with increasing elevation. This phenomenon can be explained by a decreasing capacity of reduced tree crowns to trap air pollutants in the mountain environment.The mapping of element content in forest floor humus revealed position of long-term spots of high accumulation of industrial pollutants and Chernobyl-derived 137 Cs in forests. Knowledge of these hot spots is important for health and environmental protection mainly in the areas where most of the former emission sources were cancelled and the current low atmospheric deposition rates may make a false impression of the clean landscape.

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Cs-137 distribution in forest floor and surface soil layers from two mountainous regions in Bulgaria

Cited by 29 publications

References 28 publications

Activity concentrations of natural radionuclides and 137Cs in soils of coniferous forest sites in West Anatolia

Activity concentrations of natural radionuclides and 137Cs in soils of coniferous forest sites in West Anatolia

Cs-137 in milk, vegetation, soil, and water near the former Soviet Union’s Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site

Spatiotemporal Changes in Atmospheric Deposition Rates Across The Czech Republic Estimated in The Selected Biomonitoring Campaigns. Examples of Results Available For Landscape Ecology and Land Use Planning

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